plant systems Flashcards
shoot system
the system in a flowering plant that is specialized to conduct photosynthesis and reproduce sexually; it consists of the leaf, flower and the stem
root system
the system in a flowering plant, fern, or conifer that anchors the plant, absorbs water and minerals, and stores food
leaf
main photosynthetic structure
some leaves are adapted for support, production, reproduction and attraction
some are edible, sources of waxes and medicines
flower
specialized structures developed for sexual reproduction
contains male and/or female reproductive structures
male - produces pollen grains
female - produces eggs
how are seeds formed?
eggs are fertilized by pollen, after pollination, female flower parts form seeds
wind pollination
flowers are small and drab, but produce a lot of pollen
animal pollination
flowers are large, colourful and fragrant
fruit
the fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a flowering plant, enclosing the seed(s)
stem
supports branches, leaves and flowers and provides a way to transport materials
significant amounts of vascular tissue for carrying substances to and from roots, leaves, flowers and fruits
-SPECIALIZED STEMS
food storage, protection, photosynthesis, reproduction
meristematic cell
an undifferentiated plant cell that can divide and differentiate to form specialized cells
dermal tissue system
forms the outermost layer of a plant. includes epidermal and periderm tissues
epidermal tissues (epidermis)
a thin layer of cells covering all non-woody surfaces of a plant
periderm tissue
tissue on the surface of a plant that produces bark on stems and roots
vascular tissue system
transportation system that moves water, mineral and other chemicals around the plant. like a network of tubes that reaches from the roots, up the stalk and through the leaves
xylem
vascular tissue in plants that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves and stems of the plant
phloem
vascular tissue in plants that transports dissolved food materials and hormones throughout the plant
ground tissue system
GREEN PARTS manufactures nutrients through photosynthesis. ROOTS stores carbohydrates. STEMS provides storage and support
photosynthesis
is the process that enables plants to build glucose from simple molecules using light energy
palisade layer
a layer of tall closely packed cells containing chloroplasts, just below the upper surface of a leaf; a type of ground tissue
spongy mesophyll
a region of loosely packed cells containing chloroplasts, in the middle of the leaf; a type of ground tissue
Cuticle
Thin waxy layer that keeps leaves from drying out and prevents gases from entering the leaf by direct diffusion
Apical meristem
Undifferentiated cells are the tips of plant roots and shoots; cells that divide, enabling a plant to grow longer and develop specialized tissues
Lateral meristem
Undifferentiated cells under the bark in the stems and Roos of woody plants; cells that divide, enabling the plant to grow wider and develop specialized tissues in the stem
