The cell and membrane transport Flashcards
What are features of prokaryotic cells?
No membrane bound organelles, smaller; e.g. bacteria
What are features of eukaryotic cells?
True nuclei, membrane bound organelles, cytoskeleton which gives shape and allows intracellular transport; e.g. animalia and plantae
How many human cells are there in the human body?
10e14
What is the average size of a cell?
~10um
What percentage of the human body is water?
70-85%
What is the nucleus?
Stores and transmits genetic information in the form of DNA; pores allow mRNA to pass from nucleus to cytoplasm and form polypeptides at ribosomes
What are features of the mitochondrion?
Cristae with stalked granules; matrix; double membrane
Where does ATP directly occur?
Across the inner membrane/ cristae, which contains ETC and stalked ganules contains ATPase
Where does Kreb’s cycle occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
Where does beta-oxidation of fatty acids occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
How can the capacity of mitochondria be increased?
By training moderately and aerobically
How is the oxidative capacity of a mitochondria determined?
By the amount of content in the cell structure
Why is the inner membrane folded into cristae?
To increase SA; it has selective permeability and holds the ETC to enable oxidative phosphorylation to occur
Where are mitochondria not present in the human body, and why?
In RBCs, as they might use the oxygen being transported in aerobic respiration
Where are mitochondria present in high concentrations, and why?
In the muscle fibres, as ATP is necessary for sliding filament model; in the liver as much energy is required for detoxification
