Energy Flashcards
Basics of energy in humans and sport
What is energy?
The capacity of any system, including the living body, to do work
What is the relationship between intensity and duration of exercise?
Inverse, non-linear relationship, which plateaus and indicated that there are multiple systems which come into play for energy generation
What are the RDI for women and men?
Women = 2000kcal Men = 2500kcal
What is the ideal relationship between energy intake and output?
In = out is ideal, as body weight reflects energy balance
What makes up the energy output?
PA and exercise, resting metabolic rate, thermal effect of food
Why is energy needed?
To grow and reproduce cells and organise smaller molecules into larger, more complex molecules
What are the 6 vital elements?
H, C, N, O, P, S
What are the most important bonds?
Covalent, ionic, H bonds, Van der Waals, hydrophilic and phobic interactions
How is energy released?
By breaking of bonds
What energy released is not able to be useful?
Some is unavailable, some disordered (entropy), some not useful
What energy released is used?
Free energy and heat energy becomes available, and free energy stored as ATP (reaction occurs spontaneously if delta G is negative, as reaction itself loses energy to the environment)
What is ATP?
The building block for RNA; energy currency, as the only form of chemical energy that can be converted to other forms of energy by living cells; free energy which is released during breakdown of CHO and fats which can be stored in ATP
How is ATP converted to AMP?
By hydrolysis
What processes is energy diverted to?
Biosynthesis, heat, mechanical energy, electrical energy
What is catabolism?
Breaking down of larger compounds into smaller compounds
What is anabolism?
Building up of smaller compounds into larger compounds
What processes are catabolic?
Glycolysis, oxidation, and ADP + Pi –> ATP (as is a secondary reaction in order to break down other molecules)
What processes are anabolic?
Mechanical work, transport work, biosynthetic work, ATP –> ADP + Pi (as is a secondary reaction in order to build up other molecules)
What is the respiratory exchange ratio (RER)?
Ratio between amount of CO2 produced and O2 used
What does the respiratory quotient (RQ) indicate?
Indicates which fuel is being metabolised to supply the body with energy; CO2 produced/O2 consumed
What are important factors of energy expenditure?
BMR, body composition, body mass, exercise intensity
What is 1 MET?
Energy expenditure for sitting quietly = 3.5ml O2/kg/min
What is the RQ for glucose?
1.0
What is the RQ for fats?
0.7
What is the RQ for proteins?
0.9
