The Cardio-respiratory System Flashcards
What is the role the trachea
(Or windpipe) carries air from the mouth and the nose to the lungs
What is the role of the bronchi
Carries air from the trachea into the lungs
What is the role of bronchioles
Carries air from the bronchi to the alveoli
What are the lungs
Pair of large spongy organs optimised for exchange between our blood and the air
What is alveoli
Many tiny air sacs in the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange to happen
Why is the alveoli good at gaseous exchange
Large surface area, thin walls, lots of capillaries.
What is Haemohlbin
The red pigments found in red blood cells
What is oxyhaemoglobin
Formed when oxygen combines with haemoglobin
What are Abdominal muscles
The muscles which helps force air out of the lungs and do speeds up expiration
Spirometer trace
Is a measurement of lung volume
What is tidal volume
The volume of air breathed in or out during an normally breath at rest
What is the expiratory reverse volume (ERV)
The additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume
What is the inspiration reverse volume (IRV)
The additional air that can be forcibly inhales after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume
What is Residual volume
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration
Inspiring
Breathing in
Expiring
Breathing out
Cardiac cycle
The process of the heart going through the stages of systole and diastole in the atria and ventricle
Haemoglobin
The substance in red blood cells which transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Arteries
These have thick walls and carry oxygenated blood at high pressure away from the heart
Veins
These carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and they have thinner walls
Capillaries
These are microscopic vessels that allow carbon dioxide, oxygen and waste to pass their very thin walls
Cardiac output
Is the amount of blood which is ejected from the heart in one minute. Stroke volume x heart rate
Stroke volume
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricular during one contraction
Heart rate
The number of times the heart beats per minute
