Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ap psychology > The brain vocab > Flashcards

The brain vocab Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Biological Psychology

A

concerned primarily with the relationship between psychological processes and the underlying physiological events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nervous system

A

nervous system is your body’s command center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Spinal cord

A

an automatic response controlled solely by neural circuits in the spinal cord, often relating to posture or locomotion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Plasticity

A

Plasticity is the capacity to be shaped, molded, or altered
ex: The brain’s ability to recover after an injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

part of your nervous system that lies outside your brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

somatic nervous system

A

a subdivision of your peripheral nervous system that stretches throughout nearly every part of your body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sensory neurons/ Afferent Nerves

A

the nerve fibers responsible for bringing sensory information from the outside world into the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Motor Neurons/ Efferent Nerves

A

the nerves responsible for carrying signals away from the central nervous system in order to initiate an action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system that controls muscles of internal organs (such as the heart, blood vessels, lungs, stomach, and intestines) and glands (such as salivary glands and sweat glands).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

a network of nerves that helps your body activate its “fight-or-flight” response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

a network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neurons

A

the basic cellular unit of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nerves

A

a bundle of axons outside the central nervous system (CNS), enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue to form a cordlike structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glial cells (glia)

A

nonneuronal tissue in the nervous system that provides structural, nutritional, and other kinds of support to neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cell body

A

nonneuronal tissue in the nervous system that provides structural, nutritional, and other kinds of support to neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dendrites

A

treelike fibers projecting from a neuron, which receives information and orient it toward the neuron’s cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Axon

A

part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body toward other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Myelin sheath

A

a layer of fat cells that encase and insulates most axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Resting Potential:

A

in an inactive neuron, the voltage between the
inside and outside of the axon wall (-70 millivolts)

21
Q

threshold

A

Once the electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity called its threshold it “Fires”

22
Q

Action Potential

A

the brief wave of positive electrical charge that
sweeps down the axon

23
Q

All-or-Nothing-Principle

A

The impulse occurs completely or not at all and it moves all the way down the axon without losing any of its intensity

24
Q

axon terminals

A

The very end of a branch of a nerve’s axon, a long slender nerve fiber that conducts electrical signals to a nerve synapse
The axonal terminals are specialized to release the neurotransmitters of the presynaptic cell. Synaptic end bulbs.

25
Q

Terminal buttons

A

small bulblike structures that are located at the branching ends of the axon

26
Q

Synapses

A

tiny spaces between neurons and the gap between neurons that the synapses create is referred to as the synaptic gap

27
Q

Receptor site

A

molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific effect in the cell

28
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

body’s chemical messengers

29
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters

A

learning and memory

30
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

block or prevent the chemical message from being passed along any farther

31
Q

Dopamine

A

neurotransmitter made in the brain. pleasure, motivation, and reward

32
Q

Serotonin

A

a chemical that carries messages between nerve cells in the brain and throughout your body. sleep, mood, and emotions, attention, learning

33
Q

Acetylcholine (ACH)

A

a chemical messenger that helps carry signals across a nerve synapse

34
Q

Endorphins

A

shield the body from pain increases feelings of
pleasure

35
Q

GABA:

A

Low levels of GABA don’t inhibit so people have anxiety

Valium increases levels of GABA to decrease anxiety because it inhibits neurons from firing

36
Q

Glutamate

A

the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter released by nerve cells in your brain.

37
Q

Norepinephrine

A

excites heart rate and sleep, controls alertness
also linked to depression

38
Q

FMRI (Functional magnetic resonance imaging)

A

a type of noninvasive brain imaging technology that detects brain activity by measuring changes in blood flow.

39
Q

PET (Position emission tomography)

A

the scan is an imaging test of the brain
Used to evaluate cerebral metabolism and blood flow as well as the binding and transport of neurotransmitter systems in the brain,

40
Q

MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging)

A

a method used for studying the functions of the brain (or any living tissue) without surgery

41
Q

electroencephalogram

A

a test that measures electrical activity in the brain using small, metal discs (electrodes) attached to the scalp.

42
Q

CAT scan or CT scans

A

computed tomographic scanning- special brain x-ray
Information is collected by computer and makes a picture
to reveal strokes, tumors, or injuries

43
Q

frontal lobe

A

a portion of the cerebral cortex behind the forehead, involved in speaking and muscle movements, and in making plans and judgments.

44
Q

Partial lobe

A

structures at the top and toward the rear of the head. Receives sensory input for touch and body position.

45
Q

Occipital lobe

A

structures located at the back of the head that respond to visual stimuli

46
Q

temporal lobe

A

structures in the cerebral cortex that are located just above the ears and are involved in hearing, language processing, and memory

47
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

more verbal, analytical, and orderly receives information from the right side of the body

48
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Emotion, music, visual‐spatial skills, body image, dreams, and awareness receive information from the left side of the body

Ap psychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions