sensation adn perception

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

detect physical energy from the environment and encode it as neutral signals

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

is the process of selecting, organizing and interpreting our sensations

Question 3

Bottom-up processing

Answer 3

analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory info

Question 3

Top-down processing

Answer 3

Information processing guided by higher level mental processes

Question 4

Absolute threshold

Answer 4

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Question 5

Just noticeable difference

Answer 5

minimum difference a person can detect between any two stimuli 50% of the time

Question 6

Weber’s law

Answer 6

two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion to be perceived as different

Question 7

Signal Detection theory

Answer 7

focuses on decision making about stimuli under conditions of uncertainty

Question 8

Attention

Answer 8

is the process of focusing awareness on a narrowed aspect of the environment

Question 9

Selective attention

Answer 9

focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring others

Question 10

Cocktail party effect

Answer 10

the ability to concentrate on one voice in a noisy place

Question 11

Shiftable attention

Answer 11

the ability to have your attention shift from one sensory perception to another

Question 12

Inattentional blindness

Answer 12

refers to the failure to detect unexpected events when our attention is engaged by a task

Question 13

Emotion-induced blindness

Answer 13

when we encountered an emotionally charged stimulus, we often fail to recognize a stimulus that is presented immediately after it.

Question 14

Perceptual set

Answer 14

predisposition or readiness to perceive something in a particular way

Question 15

Sensory adaptation

Answer 15

a change in the responsiveness of the sensory system based on the average level of surrounding stimulation

Question 16

Cornea

Answer 16

clear membrane just in front of the eye

Question 17

Lens

Answer 17

a transparent and flexible disk-shaped structure filled with gelatin material

Question 18

Rods

Answer 18

are receptors in the retina that are sensitive to light

Question 19

Cones

Answer 19

are receptors that we use for color perception

Question 20

Fovea

Answer 20

a tiny area in the center of the retina at which vision is best

Question 21

Visual processing in the brain

Answer 21

Neural impulses in the retina are sent to the brain
Optic nerve carries information about light toward brain

Question 22

Optic chiasm

Answer 22

the division of optic nerve fibers in the brain dividing information between the left and right occipital lobe

Question 23

Optic nerve

Answer 23

carries visual information to the brain (occipital lobe) for further processing

Question 24

Afterimages

Answer 24

sensations that remain after stimulus is removed

Question 25

hue

Question 26

ganglion cells

Question 27

saturation

Answer 27

richness of a visual stimuli

Question 28

brightness

Question 29

Blind spot

Answer 29

place where optic nerve leaves the retina

Question 30

dicromata

Question 31

Trichromatic theory

Answer 31

Afterimages- sensations that remain after stimulus is removed
Green -> red
Yellow -> blue

Question 32

Opponent-process theory

Answer 32

the sensory receptors come in pairs
If one sensor is stimulated the pair is inhibited from firing
So stare at red, get tired, look at white the opponent part fires and you see green

Question 33

color blindness

Answer 33

due to the lack of a particular chemical in the eye