The Blood: An Overview Flashcards

1
Q

The study of cellular elements of blood, the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, in a normal state and during a pathological condition that effects them

A

Hematology

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2
Q

The quantitative and qualitative evaluation and interpretation of the formed elements of the blood

A

Hematology

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3
Q

The science encompassing the medical study of the blood and blood-Producing organs

A

Hematology

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4
Q

Describe homeostasis in hematology

A

Interactions between vessels, platelets, coagulation factors, Coagulation inhibitors and Finborough lytic proteins to maintain the blood within the vascular compartment in a fluid state. To preserve intravascular integrity by Achieving a balance between hemorrhage and thrombus

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5
Q

Homeostasis involves a balance between…

A

 hemorrhage and thrombus

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6
Q

What prevents blood from clotting?

A

Anticoagulants

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7
Q

_____________ help enhance the clotting mechanism

A

Clot activators

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8
Q

What is used as an inert material added to serve as a separation barrier between the liquid (Plasma or serum) And the cells?

A

Separator gel

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9
Q

______________ clot (Coagulation) Within minutes forming a semi solid jelly-like mass

What separates from the clot In the upper half of the tube after centrifugation?

A

Spontaneous

Pale yellow fluid (serum) 

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10
Q

What kind of studies is serum used for?

A

Chemistry and serological studies

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11
Q

What is serum depleted of?

A

Blood cells and coagulation factors

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12
Q

How does EDTA (purple top) prevent clotting?

A

By removing calcium

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13
Q

When EDTA is centrifuged the top layer yellow layer is now ________ and still contains the coagulation factors. What is found below this layer?

A

Plasma

WBCs and platelets are below in a thin whitish layer known as the “Buffy coat”

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14
Q

What are the normal EDTA proportions in a normal male adult?

A

52% plasma
1% buddy coat
47% hematocrit (The percentage of packed RBC in the whole blood volume) 

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15
Q

What are the three families of blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and thrombocytes

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16
Q

What is the diameter of red blood cells and what are they filled with?

A

6-8 micrometers

17
Q

Red blood cells have a central zone of _________

18
Q

 These control homeostasis in initiate repair to blood vessels

A

Platelets 

19
Q

What are four characteristics of thrombocytes?

A

Anucleate
Round or oval
Slightly granular
2-4 Micrometers in diameter

20
Q

 Thrombocytosis is too little or too much platelets?

A

Elevated levels

21
Q

What is the main function of thrombocytes?

A

Homeostasis

22
Q

Most Testing requires collection in what three tubes?

A
  • EDTA-For whole blood determinations
  • Sodium citrate- for coagulation determination
  • Sodium or lithium heparin-For chemical and coagulation determination
23
Q
  • prevents coagulation by removing calcium from blood plasma by precipitation or binding in an ionized form
  • Prevents platelet clumping
A

EDTA (purple top)

24
Q
  • prevents coagulation by removing calcium from plasma by precipitation or binding in unionized form
  • necessary 1:9 Dilution factor
A

Sodium citrate (Light blue top)

25
-acts by forming a complex with plasma antithrombin three, which inhibits thrombin in other stages of clotting factor activation
Sodium or lithium heparin
26
What is the specimen collection of choice for whole blood determination?
EDTA
27
What are two ways EDTA is used?
•CBC (Complete blood count) -Invert 2-7 times before “running” on machine • differential analysis -Make a peripheral blood smear and stain slide with Wright’s stain (Wrights-Giemsa or Romanowsky stain) Purpose is to see the cells and evaluate morphology 
28
What is the choice specimen collection tube for Coagulation determination?
Sodium citrate
29
How is coagulation determination performed with sodium citrate collection tube?
-centrifuged in order to separate plasma from platelets and red cells -After centrifugation, specimen is chilled at 18-24°C for a maximum of four hours before testing (This Preserves coagulation factors) 
30
What are four additional tests in hematology?
- bone marrow examination - Flow cytometry - Cytogenetic testing - Molecular diagnostics
31
What are the functions of blood?
1. Supplies nutrients to all tissues, especially oxygen 2. Carries end products of metabolism to the liver and kidneys for disposal 3. Natural defense mechanisms [Phagocytic cells, Immunoglobulins (antibodies), Immunologic cells (lymphocytes) 4. Coagulation
32