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ANAT 321 > The beggining > Flashcards

The beggining Flashcards

1
Q

4 main functions of sensory information

A

Perception
Control of Movement
Regulation of the function of internal organs
Maintenance of arousal

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2
Q

Perception

A

The brain’s construction of the world using certain rules
Also means that out sensory experiences actually feel like something that can only be understood when you experience it

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3
Q

Common Properties of sensation

A
  1. Modality ( quality, e,g, somatic/vision/audition/olfaction)
    - Submodality(e.g fine touch, warmth, heat)
  2. Intensity
  3. Duration
  4. Location
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4
Q

Dorsal Column-medial lemniscal pathway

A

Fine touch (sensitive touch at fingertips and vibration)
Proprioception (Sensory feedback from muscles and joints)

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5
Q

Anterolateral pathway

A

Pain
Temperature
These two are more involved in monitoring body states

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6
Q

Primary sensory afferents of DCMLP

A

1) A-alpha and A-beta fibers enter the spinal cord from the periphery and remain ipsilateral
2) They travel up to the brainstem and then FIRST SYNAPSE in this pathway

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7
Q

Differences between the DCMLP and ALP

A

ALP makes a synaose right as it enters the spinal cord and ipsilaterally make a synapse which then goes to the other side of spinal cord

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8
Q

Anterolateral pathway fibers?

A

A-delta and C fibers

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9
Q

Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway fibers?

A

A-alpha
A-beta

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10
Q

Primary Somatic Sensory Afferent Description

A

One long axon
No dendrites
Cell body off to the side before reaching the spinal cord
Equivalent to dendrites is the specialized ending (sensory receptor)
Transduction baby!!!!!

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11
Q

Sensory Transuction

A

First step of sensory processing
Sensory information from the external(or internal) environment into opening (or closing) of ion channels in receptor cells.

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12
Q

Low-threshold mechanoreceptors

A

Stretch-activated ion channels
Ending gets depolarized which causes an action potential

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13
Q

Primary Sensory Fiber

A

Pressure on the skin is encoded as action potentials in primary sensory fibers

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14
Q

Action potential encoding

A

When AP starts stimulus starts
When AP ends stimulus ends
As pressure increases, frequency of action potentials increases

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15
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Act as filters, extracting specific forms of sensory information and ignoring others

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16
Q

Types of primary somatic sensory fiber endings

A

Slowly Adapting
Rapidly Adapting
Free nerve endings

17
Q

Slowly Adapting

A

They fire action potentials as long as there is pressure on the skin, firing rate however starts to fade out over time.
Merkel and Ruffini have endings that are specialized to maintain depolarization throughout the pressure pulse so neuron keeps firing throughout the pressure pulse
Almost all sensory transduction processes fade out over time

18
Q

Rapidly Adapting

A

Fire at the beginning and in the end
Meissner and Pacinian

19
Q

SA1

A

Merkel Cell
Light touch

20
Q

SA2

A

Ruffini ending
Stretch

21
Q

RA1

A

Meissner Corpuscles
- Detect vibration
- really high frequency vibration like hundreds of hertz
- Detect texture

22
Q

RA2

A

Pacinian Corpuscles
- Detect vibration
- low frequency vibration
- Detect texture

23
Q

Free nerve endings

A
  • Transducing pain and temperature
24
Q

Perception has to do with which labeled line is activated

A

Specific subset of neurons have to be activated e.g neurons over 50 degrees Celsisus
Capsacian activate labeled line of heat
Mint activates cool

25
Q

Combinatorial Processing

A

Perceived

26
Q

Fast pain - Stove

A

a-delta

27
Q

Slow pain - Stove

A

C fibers

28
Q

Receptive field

A

The primary somatic sensory neurons Innervate a specific region of the body surface. Stimulus within receptive field excites the cell

29
Q

Anterolateral Pathway

A

A-delta and C fibers
Cross to contralateral side in anterolateral column, continue to brainstem and then cortex

30
Q

DCMLP

A

A-alpha and A-beta
Stay on ipsilateral side, until brainstem synapse where they cross to contralateral side

31
Q

Length and diameter of spinal cord

A

42 to 45cm long
<= 1cm in diameter

32
Q

31 segments of spinal cord

A

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5saccrial
1 coccygeal
Each corresponds to the entry point of a pair of spinal nerves

33
Q

Cervical and lumbar enlargements

A

Correspond to the segments that innervate the limbs

34
Q

Lumbar cistern

A

Cord is shorter then verterbral canal, ending at the 1st lumbar vertebra
Below this spinal nerves project down towards the lumbar cistern
Vertebra form this space
Exit at the appropriate vertebrae forming the CAUDA EQUINA (horse’s tail)

35
Q

Cauda Equina

A

The sack of nerve roots (nerves that leave the spinal cord between spaces in the bones of the spine to connect to other parts of the body) at the lower end of the spinal cord. These nerve roots provide the ability to move and feel sensation in the legs and the bladder.

36
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

Where cord enters skull to form the medulla

37
Q

What is the most caudal region of the brainstem?

A

medulla

38
Q

First pain

A

A-delta

39
Q

Second pain

A

C-fiber

ANAT 321 (17 decks)

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