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ANAT 321 > Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

Vesalius

A

Stole beheaded heads and studied them
Father of anatomy
1543
First guy who ever decided to dissect stuff and actually look at what is happening

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2
Q

How much of the human brain (percent) is comprised of C.C?

A

80%

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3
Q

Is cerebral cortex axons or cell bodies?

A

Cell bodies

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4
Q

Thickness of cortex

A

2-4 mm

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5
Q

Organization of C.C between mamals

A

Preserved and same

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6
Q

Difference between human C.C versus animal C.C

A

Human CC is much larger and expanded and taken over more functions and space

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7
Q

Gyri

A

Folds in cortex

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8
Q

Sulci(fissures)

A

Grooves between folds

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9
Q

Does CC show variability in it’s structure?

A

Yes

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10
Q

3 prominent sulcuses from top of brain

A

Pre-central sulcus
Central sulcus
Post-central sulcus

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11
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

Divides frontal lobe and a bit of the parietal lobe from the temporal lobe

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12
Q

Central sulcus

A

Divides frontal lobe and parietal lobe

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13
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres

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14
Q

Mid sagittal cut of brain exposes which part of cortex…

A

Limbic lobe

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15
Q

What bounds the limbic lobe?

A

Cingulate sulcus

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16
Q

Corpus collosum

A

Connects 2 cerebral hemispheres
Huge sheet of axons connecting 2 sides of brain

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16
Q

Korbinian Brodmann 1909

A

52 numbered areas of brain

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17
Q

Area 17 Brodmann

A

Primary visual cortex

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17
Q

Where is area 17?

A

Back of brain

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18
Q

Area 18

A

V2

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19
Q

Area 4

A

Primary motor cortex

20
Q

Nissl stain

A

Stains ribosomes which are where cell bodies are so stains cell bodies

21
Q

Weigert stain

A

Myelinated axons

22
Q

Golgi Stain

A

1)Stains entire neuron
Cell body, neuron and dendrites
2)Only stains small fraction of neurons (seems random)
very useful

23
Q

Layer 1

A

Molecular layer
Not many cell bodies, mostly dendrites and synapses

24
Q

Layer 2

A

External granule layer
Granule cells (little cells)

25
Q

Layer 3

A

External Pyramidal layer
Pyramidal cells (main cells found in cerebral cortex)
Cell body is shaped like a pyramid
Small cells

26
Q

Layer 4

A

Internal granule layer

27
Q

Layer 5

A

Internal pyramidal layer
BIG PYRAMIDAL CELLS
Biggest neurons found in brain are in Layer 5

28
Q

Layer 6

A

Multiform layer
Transitions to white matter

29
Q

Layer 4 function

A

Main recipient of afferent inputs from thalamus

30
Q

Pyramidal neurons in layer 2 and 3

A

Feedforward projections to other regions of cortex

31
Q

Large pyramidal neurons in layer V

A

Project to the basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem and spinal cord
Driver neurons

32
Q

Layer VI function

A

Feedback projections to the thalamus (bursting and tonic mode)
Modulator neurons

33
Q

Does the thickness of cortex layers vary in diff cortex regions?

A

YES

34
Q

Primary Sensory regions of CC layers tend to look like…

A

Large layer 4 and smaller layers 3 and 5

35
Q

Primary Motor regions of CC layers tend to look like…

A

Very little layer 4 and very alrge pyramidal layers like layer 3

36
Q

What is a cortical column?

A

The fundamental functional module of the cortex
The neurons in a column are highly interconnected and show similar response properties
Cortex is organized into vertical columns, 100-500 micrometers in diameter

37
Q

Cortex stuff on the picture

A

Look at pic

38
Q

Posterior to central sulcus where postcentral gyrus is is where…

A

Primary somatic sensory cortex
Somatotopic organization

39
Q

Where do neurons from SI project?

A

Somatic sensory association cortex

40
Q

Somatic sensory association cortex

A

Parts:
Area 5
SII

41
Q

Feedforward projections from VI(SI) to V2(S2)

A

Originate in superficial layers (2,3) and project to layer IV

42
Q

Feedback projections

A

Originate in deep layers (5,6) and avoid layer 4 and go to layers (2,3) or (5,6)

43
Q

Projection of neurons within A COLUMN

A

Neurons in layer 4 project to layer 2 and 3
Layers 2 and 3 in turn project to layers 5 and 6 and to other cortical areas

44
Q

Difference between communication/connection of regions vs columns

A
45
Q

Central sulcus, followed by postcentral gyrus followed by postcentral sulcus

A
46
Q

Receptive fields in somatic sensory ASSOCIATION cortex…

A

Are larger than in primary somatic sensory cortex bc brain wants to get the big picture

47
Q

Where pathway

A

Dorsal, from V1
Sensory information to be used to direct action

48
Q

What pathway

A

Ventral, from V1
Object recognition and memory

49
Q

Main interaction of Pulvinar - Back of thalamus

A

Posterior Multimodal association cortex

50
Q

Main interaction of Medial Dorsal Nucleus

A

Frontal Association cortex

ANAT 321 (17 decks)

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