The basics part 2 Flashcards
The study of how the body functions
Physiology
The branch of biology that deals with the
normal functions of living organisms and their
parts.
Physiology
Think of it as a series of ranges, of blood
pressure, temperature, blood oxygen levels,
and blood calcium levels that the body must
maintain for functioning.
Homeostasis
If these levels move outside the given range
the body will attempt to bring it back to
optimal range.
Homeostasis
the process that reverses the
direction movement away from homeostasis.
Negative Feedback
the process that the
body uses to increase movement away from
homeostasis.
Positive Feedback
Chemical for contraction
prostaglandins
is a cycle of
events in which the status of a body condition is
monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored,
reevaluated, and so on.
Feedback system or feedback loop
is a body structure that monitors
changes in a controlled condition and sends
input to a control center. This pathway is
called an afferent pathway, since the
information flows toward the control center.
Receptor
in the body, for example, the
brain, sets the narrow range or set point within
which a controlled condition should be
maintained, evaluates the input it receives
from receptors, and generates output
commands when they are needed. Output from
the control center typically occurs as nerve
impulses, or hormones or other chemical signals. This pathway is called an efferent
pathway, since the information flows away
from the control center.
Control center
is a body structure that receives
output from the control center and produces a
response or effect that changes the controlled
condition.
Effector
The study of disease
Pathology
Abnormally functioning organs or systems
Disease
having onset, severe symptoms, and a
short duration
acute
having slow progression or duration.
chronic
are risk factors or activities
that people participate in that play a large role in a
person’s overall health status.
Predisposing factors
Predisposing factors
Age, gender, lifestyle, environment and heredity
are diseases caused by
microorganisms.
Infections
are those present at
birth.
Congenital disorders
are diseases caused by
inherited genes, which are passed to
children by their parents.
Genetic disorders
- is a
genetic disorder that causes high
cholesterol and increased fat levels in the
blood.
Familial combined hyperlipidemia
are caused by
an event that may occur while the child is
developing in the womb, at birth, or after
the child is born.
Developmental disorders
The damage to the brain may have occurred
prenatally (before birth), perinatally (during birth), or postnatally (after birth)
is a combination of the genetic
material from both parents
Heredity
can be measured, (objective signals)
Signs
relative to the
patient that indicates something is wrong. (Non -
measurable) (subjective signals)
Symptoms
the body’s response to injury
and disease
• Body’s response to invasion
• Redness, heat swelling, pain are indicators.
Inflammation
symptom of physical suffering or
distress clue to illness
• Serves as a defense mechanism to warn the
body.
Pain
caused by the pathogens
which are a disease-causing agent
Infectious Disease
Caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses
Infectious Disease
contagious and
infectious disease
Communicable Disease
are
infectious diseases that are caused by
pathogens but are not contagious
Non-Communicable Disease
can be classified as
cancers, immune disorders, genetic disorders,
mental disorders, or conditions caused by
trauma or injury.
Noninfectious diseases
disease characterized by
uncontrollable cell growth and proliferation.
Cancers
results from the inability
of the immune system to defend itself.
Immune Disorders
involve and
overreaction of the immune system to an
allergen
Hypersensitivities/Allergies
disease that
causes inability of the body’s immune system
to effectively protect and defend itself.
Immunodeficiency disorders
Deficiency of the immune system to defend
the body
Immunodeficiency disorders
inability to
distinguish between its own tissue and foreign
tissue or cells.
Autoimmune Disorders
disease said to be
abnormalities caused by changes in
genetic material,
Genetic Disorders
disorders associated
with behavior or psychological well-being.
Mental Disorders
a wound or shock produced
by an injury
Trauma/ Injury
any stage of disease
process. Makes patient more comfortable. During terminal stages it is the only option
Palliative Treatment
regimen designed to cure
patients
Curative treatment
Long-term care plan
designed to restore a patient’s normal body
function.
Therapeutic Treatment
a step can be taken to
prevent a disease from happening.
Preventive Treatment
is the study of disease
Pathology
is the disruption of the body’s
homeostatic environment as a result of
abnormally functioning organs and organ
systems.
Disease
objective and can be measured.
Signs
subjective and cannot be
measured.
Symptoms
is the physical suffering or distress due
to injury or illness that serves as a protective
mechanism to alert a person that something
may be wrong.
Pain
is the body’s immunes
response to injury and disease
Inflammation
are those caused by
pathogens and can be further classified into
communicable and noncommunicable disease.
Infectious disease
– are not caused by
pathogens and can be classified as cancer,
immune disorder, genetic disorder, mental
disorder, or conditions caused by trauma or
injury.
Noninfectious disease
is the process of determining by
examination the nature and circumstances of a
diseased condition, involving a step-by-step
process that includes collecting a patient
history, performing an examination, and
utilizing diagnostic screening tools and tests.
Diagnosis
is used at any stage of
the disease process. The goal of this type of
treatment is to make a patient more
comfortable and improve his or her quality of
life.
Palliative treatment
is the treatment regimen
designed to were the patient of the disease.
Curative treatment
is the study of hoe disease
affects the overall health and well-being of a
population, taking into account the incidence
and prevalence of disease in an effort to
predict the impact of that disease on the
population.
Epidemiology
having rapid onset, severe symptoms.
Acute
having slow progression and long
duration.
Chronic
are diseases caused by
microorganisms.
Infections
is responsible for helping
fight disease throughout a person’s lifetime.
Immune system
are those present at
birth.
Congenital disorders
are diseases caused by
inherited genes, which are passed to children
by their parents.
Genetic disorder
before birth.
Prenatally
during birth.
Perinatally
after birth.
Postnatally
a genetic
disorder that causes high cholesterol and
increased fat levels in the blood.
Familial combined hyperlipidemia
a feeling of general discomfort or
uneasiness.
Malaise
are a class of disease characterized
by uncontrollable cell growth and
proliferation.
Cancers
an agent capable of causing a
mutation
Mutagen
condition of the mind and
include disorders associated with behavior or
psychological well-being.
Mental disorders
defined as would or shock produced
by an injury.
Trauma
Patient history Screening,
determining Laboratory examinations
comparing results from normal diagnosis
Diagnosis
help the
physicians determine the appropriate diagnosis
for a patient.
Diagnostic test and screenings
involves the removal of a piece of
tissue or a sample from the body so it can be
examined in the laboratory.
Biopsy
the removal of a piece of tissue
or sample of cells from a body so that it can be
analyzed in the laboratory
Skin Biopsy
the taking of scrapings of skin
cells so that the cells can be viewed under a
microscope.
Skin Scraping
the use of a black light to view
pigment changes in the skin.
Wood’s light
number of new cases of
a particular disease in the population.
Incidence of disease
the total number of
cases of a disease in a population.
Prevalence of disease
