The Basics Flashcards
is a postmortem (after death)
examination of the body and dissection of its internal
organs to confirm or determine the cause of death
Autopsy or necropsy
is the development of a cell
from an unspecialized to a specialized state.
Such precursor cells, which can divide and
give rise to cells that undergo differentiation,
are known as stem cells.
Differentiation
formation of a new
organism from parent organisms
Reproduction
increase in body size and
existing cells, number of cells and amount
of non-cellular material and size
Growth
the changes the body goes
through in life, differentiation (general to
specific) and growth and repair.
Development
actions and motions of the
organs
Movement
ability to adjust
Responsiveness
- breakdown of complex chemical
substances into simpler components.
Catabolism
are shown with arteries and veins neatly arranged
mesenteries
smaller and extends from the superior edge of the stomach to the liver
lesser omentum
Looks like fatty apron lying over abdominal viscera
Greater omentum
Between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall
retroperitoneal
the serous membrane not
in direct contact with the heart
Parietal Pericardium
the serous membrane in
direct contact with the heart
Visceral Pericardium
Double-layered membrane containing fluid
between the two layers.
Serous Membrane
Breakdown smaller to complex
Anabolism
is the sum of all chemical
processes that occur in the body
Metabolism
maintain distinct internal
compartments and keep them protected from
internal and external forces/factors
Organization
- Structural changes
(gross to microscopic) associated with disease
Pathological anatomy
Internal body structures
that can be visualized with techniques such as
x-rays, MRI, CT scans, and other technologies
for clinical analysis and medical intervention.
Imaging anatomy
Surface markings of the
body to understand internal anatomy through
visualization and palpation (gentle touch).
Surface anatomy
Cellular structure and functions
Cell biology
The complete
development of an individual from fertilization
to death.
Developmental biology
The first eight weeks of
development after fertilization of a human egg.
Embryology
Studies of tissues
Histology
group of structures that
work together to perform a unique body
function
Systemic Anatomy
interrelationships of all
the structures in a specific body region
Regional Anatomy
study of the smaller
structures of the body
Microscopic Anatomy
– study of larger structures of
the body, visible without the aid of
magnification.
Gross Anatomy
The space between the pleural cavities that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and major vessels.
Mediastinum
Lining
Membranes of Abdominal
Cavity and Pelvic Cavity
Peritonium
Lining
Membranes of Pleural Cavity (lungs) and Pericardial
Cavity (Heart)
Pleurae and Pericardium
Lining
Membranes in Cranial and vertebral cavity
Meninges
Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal
Cavity and Pelvic Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Pleural Cavity and Pericardial
Cavity
Dorsal cavity
Cranial Cavity and Vertebral Cavity
There are three general cavities which can be
further subdivided by the associated organs
and lining membranes.
Dorsal, Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavity
Most of the body’s organs is located in a pocket
like spaces of various sizes called cavities.
Anatomical Cavities
the anterior surface facing down
Prone
the anterior surface facing up
Supine
Can also be used to describe body position
Anatomical Position
separates the front from the back
Frontal/ Coronal
separates
the top from the bottom.
Transverse/ Horizontal / Cross section
the plane is exactly in the
middle of the whole body
Midsagittal
separates the right from the left
Sagittal Plane
The body is cut along anatomical planes in
order for structures to be located from
different angles.
Anatomical planes
The study of body structures. Includes body structure sizes from red cells to
the heart.
Anatomy
Described the location of a particular structure
in the body, to another
structure and within the structure.
Anatomical Terms of Direction
Farther from the top of the head
Inferior
Towards the midline of the body
Medial
Away from the midline of the body
Lateral
Affecting two sides
Bilateral
Front or belly side
Anterior/ Ventral
Back side
Posterior/ Dorsal
Closer to the top of the head
Superior
Closer to the connection of the
body
Proximal
Farther from the connection of the
body.
Distal
Closer to the surface (for layered
structures)
Superficial
Farther from the surface for layered
structures
Deep
On the body’s right side
Right
On the body’s left side
Left
Other than location, the region can also
describe a specific structure.
Anatomical Regions
Belly
Abdominal
Arms and legs
Appendicular
head neck and trunk
Axial
two major regions of anatomical region
Axial Region Appendicular Region
Armpit
Axillary
Arm
Brachial
cheeck
buccal
wrist
carpal
head
cephalic or cranial
neck
cervical
hip
coxal
elbow
cubital
face
facial
thigh
femoral
forehead
frontal
groin
inguinal
nose
nasal
mouth
oral
eyes
orbital
palms of the hand
palmar
knee
patellar
lower end of the trunk
pelvic
soles of the feet
plantar
temple
temporal
ear
otic
chin
mental
Flat bone in the central part of chest
sternal
chest
thoracic
belly button
umbilical
genital
pubic
end of the shoulder blade
acromial
triangular shoulder muscle
deltoid
anterior of the elbow
antecubital
other term of cubital
olecranal
forearm
antebracial
fingers
digitals
posterior of knee
popliteal
anterior of leg
crural
posterior of leg
sural
side of leg
Fibular
ankle
tarsal
heel bone
calcaneal
lower part of the skull
occipital
Shoulder blade
scapular
Spinal coloumn
vertebral
lower back
lumbar
buttocks
gluteal
bottom of the spine
Sacral
is the sum of all chemical
processes that occur in the body
actions and motions of the
organs
