Integumentary System Flashcards
consists of the skin
and accessory structures such as hair, nails and
glands.
integumentary system
the body’s largest organ and it
makes up approximately 15% of the body’s
total weight. It consists of two layer; the
epidermis and dermis.
skin
skin’s most superficial layer, composed
of stratified squamous epithelial
tissue
EPIDERMIS
found deeper to the epidermis. It is
composed of loose or areolar
connective tissue over dense irregular
connective tissue
DERMIS
Cutaneous glands,
hair follicles, and most of the skin’s
nerve endings can be found in the ..?
DERMIS
it is found deeper to the dermis and it
is not technically part of the skin. But it
attaches the skin to the rest of the
body. Mainly composed of adipose
connective tissue. It serves as an
insulating layer, a cushioning layer and
an energy source.
HYPODERMIS (SUBCUTANEOUS
LAYER/TISSUE)
The epidermis is subdivided into four or five
general layers called
strata
is the only strarum of the
epidermis with cells that actively grow and
divide to produce new epidermis.
Stratum basale
-is found only on thick skin. It
is not found on thin skin.
Stratum lucidum
composed of tough,
waterproof dead cells that eventually flake off
(exfoliate).
Stratum corneum
begin in the stratum basale
and make up the majority of epidermal cells.
Their purpose is to grow and divide. As they
divide, they push the older cells up towards the
surface.
KERATINOCYTES
By the time they reach the stratum corneum, the keratinocytes have completely filled with keratin and died. This process is called
cornification
produce skin pigments called
melanin.
MELANOCYTES
serve as receptors for fine
touch only.
TACTILE CELLS
are immune system cells
found in the stratum spinosum and the
stratum granulosum. They alert the body’s
immune system to the invasion of pathogens
that could make it through the stratum
corneum.
DENDRITIC CELLS
sometime called the true skin.
Dermis
Blood
vessels, fibers, nerve ending, hair follicles and
cutaneous glands are found in the?
Dermis
are the bumps on the superficial
edge of the dermis.
PAPPILAE
They are arranged in a
random pattern over most of the body, form
individual-specific patterns of ridges on the
palmar and plantar surfaces.
PAPPILAE
the dermis changes from loose tissue
to dense connective tissue.
FIBERS
give the skin strength.
Collagen
provide elasticity, which allows the
skin to come back to shape when stretched.
Elastin
The cells
(fibroblasts) of both tissues produce two types
of protein fibers;
collagen and elastin.
nerve cells have endings in
the dermis that serves as receptors (receiving
devices). These include warm receptor, cold,
pain and pressure receptor.
NERVE ENDINGS
considered exocrine
glands, are located throughout the dermis.
CUTANEOUS GLANDS
produce and secrete products
that are delivered to the appropriate locations
through ducts.
Exocrine glands
Two basic types of cutaneous glands;
sebaceous glands and sweat glands.
are associated with hair
follicle.
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
a very oily, lipid-rich substance is
produce by the sebaceous gland to moisturize
the skin and hair.
Sebum
Helps cool
the body
through
evaporation.
MEROCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND
Deliver sweat through pore. They are located all over the body
MEROCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND
Deliver sweat through hair follicle. They are associated with axillary - hair, pubic hair and the beard
APOCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND
Serves as scent to influence the behavior of others.
APOCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND
Found
only in the
ear canal
CERUMINOS
GLAND
Keeps the ear drum flexible, waterproofs the ear canal, kills bacteria and protects ear canal from foreign debris.
CERUMINOS
GLAND
Gland found in
the
breast.
MAMNARY
GLAND
Nourishes
an infant.
MAMNARY
GLAND
is positioned at an
angle in the dermis with a dermal
papilla at its base.
hair follicle
this muscle attaches
the hair follicle’s base to the epidermis at an
angle. When this muscle contracts, it pulls on
the hair follicle’s base, making the hair stand in an upright position to the skin’s surface (goose
bumps).
ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE
Is present wherever there is a thin skin
on the body.
HAIR
It serves as guard of the head
against bumps, shielding the eyes (via
eyelashes), and helping to keep foreign
particles out of the respiratory system (via
nose hairs), provides insulation in cold
weather.
Hair
thickening of the hair at the end of the
hair follicle.
BULB
extends from the bulb to the skin
surface.
root
is the section of the hair extending out
from the skin surface.
SHAFT
growth zone of the hair bulb at the
inferior end of the follicle.
Matrix
central core of each hair
Medulla
surrounds the medulla
Cortex
formed by a single layer of cells that
overlap one another like shingles on a roof. It
is the most keratinized region; it provides
strength and helps the inner hair layers tightly
compacted.
Cuticle
Hair pigment is made by
melanocytes
When the hair shaft is oval, hair is smooth
and silky and the person has a
wavy hair
when the shaft is flat and ribbon like, the hair
is
curly or kinky.
if it is perfectly round, the hair is
straight and
tends to be coarse.
composed of epithelial
tissue and forms the hair.
Epidermal Sheath
is dermal connective tissue
that supplies blood vessels to the epidermal
portion and reinforces it.
Dermal Sheath
protects the ends of the fingers and
toes, aids in grasping objects and are used for
scratching.
NAIL
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
- PROTECTION
- VITAMIN D PRODUCTION
- TEMPERATURE REGULATION
- SENSATION
- NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
- WATER RETENTION
The wound is healed with
the same tissue that was damaged and normal
function is returned.
REGENERATION
The wound is healed with scar
tissue and normal function is not returned.
FIBROSIS
a scab forms and
pulls the edges of the wound closer together
as it dries.
WOUND CONTRACTURE
common skin injury
burns
most common
burns. Symptoms are redness, pain
and swelling.
First degree burns
sometimes
called partial-thickness burns.
Symptoms are redness, pain, swelling
and blisters.
Second degree burns
sometimes called
full-thickness burns, most serious
burns. Symptoms are charring and no
pain.
Third degree burns
The removal of a piece of
tissue or a sample of cells
from a body so that it can
be analyzed in a laboratory.
Skin Biopsy
The taking of skin cell
scrapings so that the cells
can be viewed under a
microscope
Skin Scraping
The use of a black light to
view pigment changes in
the skin.
Wood’s light
usually associated with sun
exposure and it is more common in older, light
skinned people.
SKIN CANCER
starts in stratum
basale cells and first appears as a
small, shiny bump on the face, hands,
ears, and neck.
Basal cell carcinoma
starts from Keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum. First appearing as red, scaly patch that develops a central crust, it commonly forms on the face, hands, ears and neck
Squamous cell carcinoma
the rarest but
deadliest form of skin cancer. It starts
with melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole. It can be seen as a dark
spot under a nail or as a mole that is
asymmetrical and has uneven color
and scalloped bordersthe rarest but
deadliest form of skin cancer. It starts
with melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole. It can be seen as a dark
spot under a nail or as a mole that is
asymmetrical and has uneven color
and scalloped borders
Malignant melanoma
can stem from an
assortment of bacterial, viral and fungal
infection.
SKIN INFECTIONS
is an infectious skin disease
caused by the bacterium
staphylococcus or streptococcus.
Impetigo
Appear as a cluster of vesicles, which are fluid filled blisters that burst and crust over. Risk factors include a possible break in the skin, moist environment of the skin, poor hygiene, and the existence of staphylococcus bacterium in the nose.
Impetigo
commonly occurs on the face and lower legs, characterized by redness and swelling of an area of a skin that increases in size rapidly. The infected area has a tight, glossy appearance and is tender or painful.
Cellulitis
are growth caused by an infection of the skin produced by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Types of warts include common warts, plantar warts, genital warts and flat warts (found on frequently shaved surfaces).
Warts
this virus is characterized by small painful blisters that appear on the skin and on the mucus membranes of the mouth genitals.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
This type of infection is extremely contagious and can be
spread through direct contact of the
infected area, even when there is no
active infection present.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
causes viral herpes infections seen
on the lips or mouth
HSV-1
causes viral herpes infections on the
genitals
HSV-2
another
type of herpes infection causes
chicken pox in children and shingles in
adults.
Herpes Varicella - Zoster
is a common childhood disorder characterized by red, itchy, fluid-filled vesicles or pox that appear on the skin. The rash is also accompanied by fever, headache, and malaise. Chicken pox is contagious and can be contracted through direct or indirect contact.
Chicken Pox
occurs in adult and is similar in appearance to chicken pox. It is characterized by small, painful vesicles that usually follow a path along an area of skin supplied by a spinal nerve. It usually occurs in the elderly or in immunocompromised patients. It also occurs in adults who have had chicken pox in the past.
Shingles
caused by a fungus. Contact with an infected person, damp surfaces like shower floors or pool decks, or even pets can transmit the fungus.
Tinea infections
circular rash that
clears from the center, giving it a
ring like appearance.
Ringworms
causes burning,
itching, and cracking of the skin
between the toes,
Athlete’s foot
causes an itchy, burning
rash in the groin region.
Jock itch
a parasitic infection of the
skin caused by the infestation of mites.
It causes small red bumps on the skin
that itch severely.
Scabies
a common skin disease characterized by the overgrowth of skin cells and improper keratinization of the epidermis and nails. It is a hereditary autoimmune disorder.
Psoriasis
is characterized by inflammation of the skin and may also show symptoms of redness, swelling, oozing, crusting, scaling. pimples or vesicles and itching.
Dermatitis
inflammation of the skin caused by direct
contact with a substance like skin irritant
or something that causes an allergy
reaction
Contact dermatitis
allergic reaction that causes an
infection
Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema)
also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores. They are areas of necrotic or ulcerated tissue caused by the pressure of a bony prominence in the body and another surface
Decubitus ulcers
also known as urticaria, is a
skin reaction that can be caused by
insect bites.
Hives
involves the
accumulation of excess connective
tissue in the skin and various organs.
Scledorma
Inflammation of sebaceous
glans caused by oil,, excess cells, and bacteria found on the
skin.
Acne
Baldness or excessive loss of
hair.
Alopecia
Damage to tissues caused by
heat, chemicals, sunlight,
radiation or electricity.
burns
An infection of the skin's dermis or hypodermis, which is frequently caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus bacteria.
Cellulitis
Inflammation of the skin.
Decubitus
ulcers
Viral infections of the skin,
including the oral and genital
areas.
Herpes
A reaction of the skin that can be caused by insect bites or by contact with substances that cause an allergic reaction, such as certain foods or drugs
Hives
is very fine and colorless, forms on fetus
lanugo hair
also colorless, very fine, replace lanugo hair around the time of birth
vellus hair
thick, coarse, and heavily pigmented, forms eyebrows, eyelash and hair on the scalp
terminal hair
growing hair
anagen
detaching hair
catagen
resting hair
telogen
extension of telogen phase characterized by shedding of telogen hair
exogen
found under the skin
nail root
visible part of the nail
nail plate
nail plate extends out of skin
free edge
nail plate on the surface of the skin
nail body
where the nail lies
nail bed
rise or bump of the skin over nail’s lateral edge
nail fold
where nail fits into
nail groove
proximal edge of the nail body, is composed of stratum corneum cells extending onto the nail bed
cuticle or eponychium
responsible for nail growth
nail matrix
white crescent, nail matrix is thick enough to hide the blood vessels of the dermis deep to it
lunula or lunule
