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AnaPhy 101 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

consists of the skin
and accessory structures such as hair, nails and
glands.

A

integumentary system

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2
Q

the body’s largest organ and it
makes up approximately 15% of the body’s
total weight. It consists of two layer; the
epidermis and dermis.

A

skin

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3
Q

skin’s most superficial layer, composed
of stratified squamous epithelial
tissue

A

EPIDERMIS

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4
Q

found deeper to the epidermis. It is
composed of loose or areolar
connective tissue over dense irregular
connective tissue

A

DERMIS

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5
Q

Cutaneous glands,
hair follicles, and most of the skin’s
nerve endings can be found in the ..?

A

DERMIS

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6
Q

it is found deeper to the dermis and it
is not technically part of the skin. But it
attaches the skin to the rest of the
body. Mainly composed of adipose
connective tissue. It serves as an
insulating layer, a cushioning layer and
an energy source.

A

HYPODERMIS (SUBCUTANEOUS

LAYER/TISSUE)

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7
Q

The epidermis is subdivided into four or five

general layers called

A

strata

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8
Q

is the only strarum of the
epidermis with cells that actively grow and
divide to produce new epidermis.

A

Stratum basale

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9
Q

-is found only on thick skin. It

is not found on thin skin.

A

Stratum lucidum

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10
Q

composed of tough,
waterproof dead cells that eventually flake off
(exfoliate).

A

Stratum corneum

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11
Q

begin in the stratum basale
and make up the majority of epidermal cells.
Their purpose is to grow and divide. As they
divide, they push the older cells up towards the
surface.

A

KERATINOCYTES

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12
Q 
By the 
time they reach the stratum corneum, 
the keratinocytes have completely 
filled with keratin and died. This 
process is called
A

cornification

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13
Q

produce skin pigments called

melanin.

A

MELANOCYTES

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14
Q

serve as receptors for fine

touch only.

A

TACTILE CELLS

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15
Q

are immune system cells
found in the stratum spinosum and the
stratum granulosum. They alert the body’s
immune system to the invasion of pathogens
that could make it through the stratum
corneum.

A

DENDRITIC CELLS

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16
Q

sometime called the true skin.

A

Dermis

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17
Q

Blood
vessels, fibers, nerve ending, hair follicles and
cutaneous glands are found in the?

A

Dermis

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18
Q

are the bumps on the superficial

edge of the dermis.

A

PAPPILAE

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19
Q

They are arranged in a
random pattern over most of the body, form
individual-specific patterns of ridges on the
palmar and plantar surfaces.

A

PAPPILAE

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20
Q

the dermis changes from loose tissue

to dense connective tissue.

A

FIBERS

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21
Q

give the skin strength.

A

Collagen

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22
Q

provide elasticity, which allows the

skin to come back to shape when stretched.

A

Elastin

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23
Q

The cells
(fibroblasts) of both tissues produce two types
of protein fibers;

A

collagen and elastin.

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24
Q

nerve cells have endings in
the dermis that serves as receptors (receiving
devices). These include warm receptor, cold,
pain and pressure receptor.

A

NERVE ENDINGS

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25
Q

considered exocrine

glands, are located throughout the dermis.

A

CUTANEOUS GLANDS

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26
Q

produce and secrete products
that are delivered to the appropriate locations
through ducts.

A

Exocrine glands

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27
Q

Two basic types of cutaneous glands;

A

sebaceous glands and sweat glands.

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28
Q

are associated with hair

follicle.

A

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

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29
Q

a very oily, lipid-rich substance is
produce by the sebaceous gland to moisturize
the skin and hair.

A

Sebum

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30
Q

Helps cool
the body
through
evaporation.

A

MEROCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND

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31
Q 
Deliver 
sweat 
through 
pore. They 
are 
located all 
over the 
body
A

MEROCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND

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32
Q 
Deliver 
sweat 
through 
hair 
follicle. 
They are 
associated 
with 
axillary -
hair, pubic 
hair and 
the beard
A

APOCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND

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33
Q 
Serves as 
scent to 
influence 
the behavior 
of others.
A

APOCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND

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34
Q

Found
only in the
ear canal

A

CERUMINOS

GLAND

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35
Q 
Keeps the 
ear drum 
flexible, 
waterproofs 
the ear 
canal, kills 
bacteria and 
protects ear 
canal from 
foreign 
debris.
A

CERUMINOS

GLAND

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36
Q

Gland found in
the
breast.

A

MAMNARY

GLAND

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37
Q

Nourishes

an infant.

A

MAMNARY

GLAND

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38
Q

is positioned at an
angle in the dermis with a dermal
papilla at its base.

A

hair follicle

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39
Q

this muscle attaches
the hair follicle’s base to the epidermis at an
angle. When this muscle contracts, it pulls on
the hair follicle’s base, making the hair stand in an upright position to the skin’s surface (goose
bumps).

A

ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE

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40
Q

Is present wherever there is a thin skin

on the body.

A

HAIR

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41
Q

It serves as guard of the head
against bumps, shielding the eyes (via
eyelashes), and helping to keep foreign
particles out of the respiratory system (via
nose hairs), provides insulation in cold
weather.

A

Hair

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42
Q

thickening of the hair at the end of the

hair follicle.

A

BULB

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43
Q

extends from the bulb to the skin

surface.

A

root

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44
Q

is the section of the hair extending out

from the skin surface.

A

SHAFT

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45
Q

growth zone of the hair bulb at the

inferior end of the follicle.

A

Matrix

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46
Q

central core of each hair

A

Medulla

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47
Q

surrounds the medulla

A

Cortex

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48
Q

formed by a single layer of cells that
overlap one another like shingles on a roof. It
is the most keratinized region; it provides
strength and helps the inner hair layers tightly
compacted.

A

Cuticle

49
Q

Hair pigment is made by

A

melanocytes

50
Q

When the hair shaft is oval, hair is smooth

and silky and the person has a

A

wavy hair

51
Q

when the shaft is flat and ribbon like, the hair

is

A

curly or kinky.

52
Q

if it is perfectly round, the hair is

A

straight and

tends to be coarse.

53
Q

composed of epithelial

tissue and forms the hair.

A

Epidermal Sheath

54
Q

is dermal connective tissue
that supplies blood vessels to the epidermal
portion and reinforces it.

A

Dermal Sheath

55
Q

protects the ends of the fingers and
toes, aids in grasping objects and are used for
scratching.

A

NAIL

56
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

A
  1. PROTECTION
  2. VITAMIN D PRODUCTION
  3. TEMPERATURE REGULATION
  4. SENSATION
  5. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
  6. WATER RETENTION
57
Q

The wound is healed with
the same tissue that was damaged and normal
function is returned.

A

REGENERATION

58
Q

The wound is healed with scar

tissue and normal function is not returned.

A

FIBROSIS

59
Q

a scab forms and
pulls the edges of the wound closer together
as it dries.

A

WOUND CONTRACTURE

60
Q

common skin injury

A

burns

61
Q

most common
burns. Symptoms are redness, pain
and swelling.

A

First degree burns

62
Q

sometimes
called partial-thickness burns.
Symptoms are redness, pain, swelling
and blisters.

A

Second degree burns

63
Q

sometimes called
full-thickness burns, most serious
burns. Symptoms are charring and no
pain.

A

Third degree burns

64
Q

The removal of a piece of
tissue or a sample of cells
from a body so that it can
be analyzed in a laboratory.

A

Skin Biopsy

65
Q

The taking of skin cell
scrapings so that the cells
can be viewed under a
microscope

A

Skin Scraping

66
Q

The use of a black light to
view pigment changes in
the skin.

A

Wood’s light

67
Q

usually associated with sun
exposure and it is more common in older, light
skinned people.

A

SKIN CANCER

68
Q

starts in stratum
basale cells and first appears as a
small, shiny bump on the face, hands,
ears, and neck.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

69
Q 
starts from 
Keratinocytes in the stratum 
spinosum. First appearing as red, scaly 
patch that develops a central crust, it 
commonly forms on the face, hands, 
ears and neck
A

Squamous cell carcinoma

70
Q

the rarest but
deadliest form of skin cancer. It starts
with melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole. It can be seen as a dark
spot under a nail or as a mole that is
asymmetrical and has uneven color
and scalloped bordersthe rarest but
deadliest form of skin cancer. It starts
with melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole. It can be seen as a dark
spot under a nail or as a mole that is
asymmetrical and has uneven color
and scalloped borders

A

Malignant melanoma

71
Q

can stem from an
assortment of bacterial, viral and fungal
infection.

A

SKIN INFECTIONS

72
Q

is an infectious skin disease
caused by the bacterium
staphylococcus or streptococcus.

A

Impetigo

73
Q 
Appear as a cluster of vesicles, which 
are fluid filled blisters that burst and 
crust over. Risk factors include a 
possible break in the skin, moist 
environment of the skin, poor hygiene, 
and the existence of staphylococcus 
bacterium in the nose.
A

Impetigo

74
Q 
commonly occurs on the 
face and lower legs, characterized by 
redness and swelling of an area of a 
skin that increases in size rapidly. The 
infected area has a tight, glossy 
appearance and is tender or painful.
A

Cellulitis

75
Q 
are growth caused by an 
infection of the skin produced by the 
human papillomavirus (HPV). Types of 
warts include common warts, plantar 
warts, genital warts and flat warts 
(found on frequently shaved surfaces).
A

Warts

76
Q 
this virus 
is characterized by small painful 
blisters that appear on the skin and on 
the mucus membranes of the mouth 
genitals.
A

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

77
Q

This type of infection is extremely contagious and can be
spread through direct contact of the
infected area, even when there is no
active infection present.

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

78
Q

causes viral herpes infections seen

on the lips or mouth

A

HSV-1

79
Q

causes viral herpes infections on the

genitals

A

HSV-2

80
Q

another
type of herpes infection causes
chicken pox in children and shingles in
adults.

A

Herpes Varicella - Zoster

81
Q 
is a common 
childhood disorder characterized 
by red, itchy, fluid-filled vesicles or 
pox that appear on the skin. The 
rash is also accompanied by fever, 
headache, and malaise. Chicken 
pox is contagious and can be 
contracted through direct or 
indirect contact.
A

Chicken Pox

82
Q 
occurs in adult and is 
similar in appearance to chicken 
pox. It is characterized by small, 
painful vesicles that usually follow 
a path along an area of skin
supplied by a spinal nerve. It 
usually occurs in the elderly or in 
immunocompromised patients. It 
also occurs in adults who have had 
chicken pox in the past.
A

Shingles

83
Q 
caused by a fungus. 
Contact with an infected person, damp 
surfaces like shower floors or pool 
decks, or even pets can transmit the 
fungus.
A

Tinea infections

84
Q

circular rash that
clears from the center, giving it a
ring like appearance.

A

Ringworms

85
Q

causes burning,
itching, and cracking of the skin
between the toes,

A

Athlete’s foot

86
Q

causes an itchy, burning

rash in the groin region.

A

Jock itch

87
Q

a parasitic infection of the
skin caused by the infestation of mites.
It causes small red bumps on the skin
that itch severely.

A

Scabies

88
Q 
a common skin disease 
characterized by the overgrowth of 
skin cells and improper keratinization 
of the epidermis and nails. It is a 
hereditary autoimmune disorder.
A

Psoriasis

89
Q 
is characterized by 
inflammation of the skin and may also 
show symptoms of redness, swelling, 
oozing, crusting, scaling. pimples or 
vesicles and itching.
A

Dermatitis

90
Q

inflammation of the skin caused by direct
contact with a substance like skin irritant
or something that causes an allergy
reaction

A

Contact dermatitis

91
Q

allergic reaction that causes an

infection

A 
Atopic dermatitis (atopic 
eczema)
92
Q 
also known as 
pressure ulcers or bedsores. They are 
areas of necrotic or ulcerated tissue 
caused by the pressure of a bony 
prominence in the body and another 
surface
A

Decubitus ulcers

93
Q

also known as urticaria, is a
skin reaction that can be caused by
insect bites.

A

Hives

94
Q

involves the
accumulation of excess connective
tissue in the skin and various organs.

A

Scledorma

95
Q

Inflammation of sebaceous
glans caused by oil,, excess cells, and bacteria found on the
skin.

A

Acne

96
Q

Baldness or excessive loss of

hair.

A

Alopecia

97
Q

Damage to tissues caused by
heat, chemicals, sunlight,
radiation or electricity.

A

burns

98
Q 
An infection of the skin's 
dermis or hypodermis, which is 
frequently caused by 
Streptococcus or 
Staphylococcus bacteria.
A

Cellulitis

99
Q

Inflammation of the skin.

A

Decubitus

ulcers

100
Q

Viral infections of the skin,
including the oral and genital
areas.

A

Herpes

101
Q 
A reaction of the skin that can 
be caused by insect bites or by 
contact with substances that 
cause an allergic reaction, such 
as certain foods or drugs
A

Hives

102
Q

is very fine and colorless, forms on fetus

A

lanugo hair

103
Q

also colorless, very fine, replace lanugo hair around the time of birth

A

vellus hair

104
Q

thick, coarse, and heavily pigmented, forms eyebrows, eyelash and hair on the scalp

A

terminal hair

105
Q

growing hair

A

anagen

106
Q

detaching hair

A

catagen

107
Q

resting hair

A

telogen

108
Q

extension of telogen phase characterized by shedding of telogen hair

A

exogen

109
Q

found under the skin

A

nail root

110
Q

visible part of the nail

A

nail plate

111
Q

nail plate extends out of skin

A

free edge

112
Q

nail plate on the surface of the skin

A

nail body

113
Q

where the nail lies

A

nail bed

114
Q

rise or bump of the skin over nail’s lateral edge

A

nail fold

115
Q

where nail fits into

A

nail groove

116
Q

proximal edge of the nail body, is composed of stratum corneum cells extending onto the nail bed

A

cuticle or eponychium

117
Q

responsible for nail growth

A

nail matrix

118
Q

white crescent, nail matrix is thick enough to hide the blood vessels of the dermis deep to it

A

lunula or lunule

AnaPhy 101 (8 decks)

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