Integumentary System Flashcards
consists of the skin
and accessory structures such as hair, nails and
glands.
integumentary system
the body’s largest organ and it
makes up approximately 15% of the body’s
total weight. It consists of two layer; the
epidermis and dermis.
skin
skin’s most superficial layer, composed
of stratified squamous epithelial
tissue
EPIDERMIS
found deeper to the epidermis. It is
composed of loose or areolar
connective tissue over dense irregular
connective tissue
DERMIS
Cutaneous glands,
hair follicles, and most of the skin’s
nerve endings can be found in the ..?
DERMIS
it is found deeper to the dermis and it
is not technically part of the skin. But it
attaches the skin to the rest of the
body. Mainly composed of adipose
connective tissue. It serves as an
insulating layer, a cushioning layer and
an energy source.
HYPODERMIS (SUBCUTANEOUS
LAYER/TISSUE)
The epidermis is subdivided into four or five
general layers called
strata
is the only strarum of the
epidermis with cells that actively grow and
divide to produce new epidermis.
Stratum basale
-is found only on thick skin. It
is not found on thin skin.
Stratum lucidum
composed of tough,
waterproof dead cells that eventually flake off
(exfoliate).
Stratum corneum
begin in the stratum basale
and make up the majority of epidermal cells.
Their purpose is to grow and divide. As they
divide, they push the older cells up towards the
surface.
KERATINOCYTES
By the time they reach the stratum corneum, the keratinocytes have completely filled with keratin and died. This process is called
cornification
produce skin pigments called
melanin.
MELANOCYTES
serve as receptors for fine
touch only.
TACTILE CELLS
are immune system cells
found in the stratum spinosum and the
stratum granulosum. They alert the body’s
immune system to the invasion of pathogens
that could make it through the stratum
corneum.
DENDRITIC CELLS
sometime called the true skin.
Dermis
Blood
vessels, fibers, nerve ending, hair follicles and
cutaneous glands are found in the?
Dermis
are the bumps on the superficial
edge of the dermis.
PAPPILAE
They are arranged in a
random pattern over most of the body, form
individual-specific patterns of ridges on the
palmar and plantar surfaces.
PAPPILAE
the dermis changes from loose tissue
to dense connective tissue.
FIBERS
give the skin strength.
Collagen
provide elasticity, which allows the
skin to come back to shape when stretched.
Elastin
The cells
(fibroblasts) of both tissues produce two types
of protein fibers;
collagen and elastin.
nerve cells have endings in
the dermis that serves as receptors (receiving
devices). These include warm receptor, cold,
pain and pressure receptor.
NERVE ENDINGS
considered exocrine
glands, are located throughout the dermis.
CUTANEOUS GLANDS
produce and secrete products
that are delivered to the appropriate locations
through ducts.
Exocrine glands
Two basic types of cutaneous glands;
sebaceous glands and sweat glands.
are associated with hair
follicle.
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
a very oily, lipid-rich substance is
produce by the sebaceous gland to moisturize
the skin and hair.
Sebum
Helps cool
the body
through
evaporation.
MEROCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND
Deliver sweat through pore. They are located all over the body
MEROCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND
Deliver sweat through hair follicle. They are associated with axillary - hair, pubic hair and the beard
APOCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND
Serves as scent to influence the behavior of others.
APOCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND
Found
only in the
ear canal
CERUMINOS
GLAND
Keeps the ear drum flexible, waterproofs the ear canal, kills bacteria and protects ear canal from foreign debris.
CERUMINOS
GLAND
Gland found in
the
breast.
MAMNARY
GLAND
Nourishes
an infant.
MAMNARY
GLAND
is positioned at an
angle in the dermis with a dermal
papilla at its base.
hair follicle
this muscle attaches
the hair follicle’s base to the epidermis at an
angle. When this muscle contracts, it pulls on
the hair follicle’s base, making the hair stand in an upright position to the skin’s surface (goose
bumps).
ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE
Is present wherever there is a thin skin
on the body.
HAIR
It serves as guard of the head
against bumps, shielding the eyes (via
eyelashes), and helping to keep foreign
particles out of the respiratory system (via
nose hairs), provides insulation in cold
weather.
Hair
thickening of the hair at the end of the
hair follicle.
BULB
extends from the bulb to the skin
surface.
root
is the section of the hair extending out
from the skin surface.
SHAFT
growth zone of the hair bulb at the
inferior end of the follicle.
Matrix
central core of each hair
Medulla
surrounds the medulla
Cortex