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EMT Class > The Basics > Flashcards

The Basics Flashcards

Critical Stuff

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NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

SBAT

A

Handover Report format: Situation (concise statement of the problem); Background (relevant, brief information about the patient situation); Assessment (your assessment findings, and what you think); Treatment (care that has been provided to the patient

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2
Q

Information on a Patient Care Report

A

Chief complaint or chief concern
Mechanism of injury or nature of illness
Level of consciousness (AVPU)
Vital signs
Initial and ongoing assessment
Patient demographics
Transport information

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3
Q

CHART Standardized Narrative

A

Chief Complaint or Chief Concern
History (details relating to the current event and the patient’s medical history)
Assessments (All assessments you perform, vital signs, and physical examination)
Treatments (Rx) (Detail all interventions that were performed
Transport (How the patient was moved to the ambulance, why they were moved that way, how the patient was transported (position, how they were secured), if lights and sirens were used, where they were taken, and the person to whom the report was given and care was transferred.

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4
Q

SOAP Method - Standardized Narrative

A

Subjective: info provided by the patient or others on scene. Includes chief complaint, mechanism of injury, events leading up to the incident, and medical history
Objective: details from patient assessment
Assessment: Key findings, if appropriate provide your impression of what the patient’s problems might be
Plan: document treatment provided for the patient.

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5
Q

Superior/Inferior

A

Superior - nearer the head than the reference point
Inferior - nearer the feet than the reference point

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6
Q

Lateral/Medial

A

Lateral means lying further from the midline of the body. Parts that lie closer to the midline are called medial (inner) structures

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7
Q

Proximal/Distal

A

Proximal describes structures closer to the trunk
Distal describes structures that are farther from the trunk or nearer to the free end of the extremity

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8
Q

Superficial/Deep

A

Superficial is closer to the skin, deep is farther inside the body or tissue and away from the skin

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9
Q

Abrasion/laceration

A

An abrasion is a superficial wound, a laceration is a deeper cut

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10
Q

Ventral/Dorsal

A

Ventral is the belly side of the body
Dorsal is the spinal side of the body

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11
Q

Anterior/posterior

A

Anterior - the front side of the body
Posterior - the back side of the body

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12
Q

Palmar/plantar

A

Palmar - the front region of the hand
Plantar - the bottom of the foot

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13
Q

Apex

A

The tip of a structure

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14
Q

Flexion/extension

A

Flexion is decreasing the angle of the joint
Extension is increasing the angle of the joint

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15
Q

Prone/Supine

A

Prone is lying face down
Supine is lying face up

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16
Q

Fowler position

A

Semi-reclining position with the head elevated

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17
Q

The anatomic planes

A

Frontal - runs vertically through the body, dividing it into front and back sections
Sagittal plane - divides the body into left and right sections
transverse plane - divides the body into top and bottom sections

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18
Q

3 primary functions of the skeletal system

A

Provide structural support to bear the body’s weight; establish a framework to attach soft tissues and internal organs; protect vital organs

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19
Q

CPR Ratio - adults - 1 rescuer

A

30:2
This is the same with 1 or 2 rescuers

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20
Q

CPR Ratio - adults - 2 rescuers

A

30:2
This is the same with 1 or 2 rescuers

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21
Q

CPR Ratio - child or infant - 1 rescuer

A

30:2

22
Q

CPR Ratio - child or infant - 2 rescuers

A

15:2

23
Q

Compression Rate - CPR

A

100-120/minute

24
Q

Compression Depth - adults

A

At least 2”

25
Q

Compression Depth - Child

A

At least 1/3 of the chest diameter - about 2”

26
Q

Compression Depth - Infant

A

At least 1/3 of the chest diameter - about 1.5”

27
Q

Hand Placement - CPR - Adult

A

2 hands on the lower half of the breastbone

28
Q

Hand Placement - CPR - Child

A

2 hands or one hand (optional for a very small child) on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum)

29
Q

Hand Placement - CPR - Infant - 1 Rescuer

A

2 fingers in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line

30
Q

Hand Placement - CPR - Infant - 2 Rescuers

A

2 thumbs - encircling hands in the center of the chest just below the nipple line

31
Q

Rescue Breathing Rate - Adult

A

1 breath every 6 seconds; 10 breaths/minute

32
Q

Rescue Breathing Rate - Child and Infant

A

1 breath every 3-5 seconds; 12-20 breaths/minute

33
Q

Life Stages and ages

A

Neonate: 0 to 1 month
Infant: 1 month to 1 year
Toddler: 1 to 3 years
Preschool age: 3 to 6 years
School age: 6 to 12 years
Adolescent: 12 to 18 years
Early adult: 19-40 years
Middle adult: 41-60 years
Older adult: 61 years and up

34
Q

Neonate standard vitals

A

Pulse Rate: 100-180 bpm
Respirations: 30-60 breaths/min
Systolic Blood Pressure: 50 to 70
Temperature: 98 to 100

35
Q

Infant standard vitals

A

Pulse Rate: 100-160 bpm
Respirations: 25-50 breaths/min
Systolic Blood Pressure: 70-95
Temperature: 96.8-99.6

36
Q

Toddler standard vitals

A

Pulse Rate: 90-150 bpm
Respirations: 20 to 30 breaths/min
Systolic Blood Pressure: 80-100
Temperature: 96.8-99.6

37
Q

Preschool Age standard vitals

A

Pulse Rate: 80-140 bpm
Respirations: 20 to 25 breaths/min
Systolic Blood Pressure: 80-100
Temperature: 98.6

38
Q

School Age standard vitals

A

Pulse Rate: 70-120 bpm
Respirations: 15-20 breaths/min
Systolic Blood Pressure: 80-110 mm Hg
Temperature: 98.6

39
Q

Adolescent standard vitals

A

Pulse Rate: 60-100 bpm
Respirations: 12 to 20
Systolic Blood Pressure: 90-110 mm Hg
Temperature: 98.6

40
Q

Adult Vitals

A

Pulse Rate: 60-100 bpm
Respirations: 12-20 breaths/min
Systolic Blood Pressure: 90-130 mm Hg
Temperature: 98.6

41
Q

What do snoring breath sounds indicate?

A

Snoring is an upper airway sound, and often can be heard without a stethoscope. Indicates an upper airway obstruction, usually caused by the tongue or a foreign body

42
Q

What is Stridor, and what does it indicate?

A

Stridor is a brassy, crowing sound that is most prominent on inspiration and can often be heard without a stethoscope. It may indicate an airway obstruction in the neck or upper part of the chest.

43
Q

What is Wheezing and what does it indicate?

A

Wheezing is a high-pitched whistling sound that is most prominent on expiration. Wheezing is a lower airway sound and is typically heard through auscultation

44
Q

What are Crackles and what do they indicate?

A

Crackles are wet, crackling breath sounds, usually heard on both inspiration and expiration. Similar to Rice Krispies. The sound is caused by the alveoli popping open. Crackles may indicate fluid in the lungs. High pitched crackles are called fine crackles, low-pitched sounds are called coarse crackles

45
Q

What is Rhonchi and what does it indicate?

A

Congested breath sounds; expect to hear low-pitched, noisy sounds that are most prominent on expiration. Sounds may be similar to blowing bubbles under water, and the patient often reports a productive cough. Rhonchi may suggest the presence of mucus or other fluid in the lungs.

46
Q

SAMPLE history

A

Signs/symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Pertinent/past medical history
Last oral intake (all ins & outs)
Events leading up to this

47
Q

OPQRST

A

Used for any pain symptoms
Onset
Provocation (what makes it better/worse?)
Quality (Describe it–continuous, sharp, burning, etc.)
Radiate (where is it located)
Severity (0-10 scale)
Time since onset

48
Q

When to use a Bag Valve Mask

A

If the patient needs PPV (Positive Pressure Ventilation); if the patient is not breathing enough physically. Less than 10 breaths/min or more than 30 breaths/min

49
Q

How to decide how much oxygen to give (rule of thumb)

A

Take the Blood Oxygen (SpO2) you want them to be at, minus the number they are at, and that is how many L/min to set supplemental oxygen to.
If they’re really low, start high, and turn it down later

50
Q

dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

51
Q
A

EMT Class (12 decks)

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