Chapter 13 concepts

Question 1

Requirements of perfusion

Answer 1

Perfusion requires an intact cardiovascular system and a functioning respiratory system

Question 2

The perfusion triangle

Answer 2

The pump (the heart); the pipes or the container (the blood vessels); The content, or volume (blood)

Question 3

What is shock?

Answer 3

Shock (hypoperfusion) is the collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system, when blood circulation slows and eventually stops

Question 4

What does blood do?

Answer 4

Blood is the vehicle for carrying oxygen and nutrients through the vessels to the capillary beds and tissue cells, where these supplies are exchanged for waste products

Question 5

What is blood made up of?

Answer 5

Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and a liquid called plasma

Question 6

Systolic pressure

Answer 6

The peak arterial pressure; the pressure generated every time the heart contracts

Question 7

Diastolic pressure

Answer 7

the pressure maintained in the arteries while the heart rests between heartbeats

Question 8

Types of shock (7)

Answer 8

cardiogenic, obstructive, septic, neurogenic, anaphylactic, psychogenic, hypovolemic

Question 9

Signs of compensated shock

Answer 9

anxiety or agitation; tachycardia; pale, cool, moist skin; increased respiratory rate; nausea and vomiting; increased thirst

Question 10

Signs of decompensated shock

Answer 10

labored or irregular respirations, ashen gray or cyanotic skin color, weak or absent distal pulses, dilated pupils, and profound hypotension (systolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or lower in an adult)

Question 11

In what stage of shock should decreased blood pressure be expected?

Answer 11

by the time a decrease in blood pressure is detected, shock is usually in an advanced stage.

Question 12

Conditions to expect shock

Answer 12

Severe infection; severe blunt force trauma or penetrating trauma; massive external bleeding or index of suspicion for major internal bleeding; spinal cord injury; chest or abdominal injury; major heart attack; anaphylaxis

Question 13

How to treat shock in pediatric or geriatric patients

Answer 13

Treating shock in pediatric or geriatric patients is no different from treating any other shock patient

Question 14

How to treat for shock

Answer 14

Open and maintain airway; control life-threatening hemorrhage immediately; provide high-flow oxygen, and as needed, provide bag-mask assisted ventilations; maintain normal body temperature with blankets; provide calm reassurance; provide prompt transport to the appropriate hospital