BLS CPR Lecture Flashcards
Chain of survival - in Hospital
1 - early recognition with patient monitoring
Chain of survival - out of hospital
- Immediate recognition and activation the response system
- High quality CPR
- AED
- advanced resuscitation
- Post-cardiac arrest care after ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation)
- Recovery (physical, emotional support)
Ventricular fibrillation
Heart’s electrical signals become disorganized and ineffective
Agonal gasps
Ineffective gasps. Common in first few minutes of cardiac arrest
Pulse check
Feel for groove to side of trachea
Pulse and breathing check time
at least 5 but not more than 10 seconds
C-A-B sequence
Compressions, Airway, Breathing
Interruptions in compressions should be limited to ___ seconds or less
10
This is because it takes several compressions to re-build pressure/circulation
hand placement
First hand center of chest, lower portion of breastbone. Second hand on top
Compression rate
100-120 compressions per minute
110 is ideal
Compression depth
2”
Pocket Mask Use
Use bridge of nose to locate mask. Position hands: index finger and thumb of hand along edge of mask, thumb of other hand on lower edge, fingers under chin, use head-tilt, chin-lift.
Breaths should be delivered over 1 second each. Pause 1 second between breaths
Watch for chest rise
4 steps of AED operation
- Power on the AED
- Attach pads to victim’s bare chest
- Analyze (follow prompts)
- Shock
Use adult pads on anyone __ yrs old or older
8
C - E hand placement
C with thumb and index finger around stem of mask, E with remaining 3 fingers around bony part of chin, use to lift the chin
Critical points of delivering breaths
30:2 ratio
Breath over 1 second
Just enough volume for chest rise
2-person bag-mask device use
first rescuer holds mask onto patient’s face with two hands, and lifts chin. Second rescuer squeezes bag
2 person CPR - 1st rescuer
Starts off as one-rescuer scenario. Does compressions and breaths initially
2 person CPR - 2nd rescuer
Gets AED, takes over ventilations, maintains airway
Initial breath concentration
21% oxygen
Rescue Breath Oxygen
17% oxygen
During rescue Breathing, how often should you check for pulse
every 2 minutes
Compression to breath ratio for an advanced airway
continual compressions
1 breath every 6 seconds
Opioid Emergency
Naloxone - do not delay breaths or compressions to administer Naloxone
Follow protocols
CPR on a pregnant woman
If there is an additional person, manually displace the
6 possible team roles for recessutation
Team Leader
Compressor - assesses victim, gives compressions. Swap every 5 cycles
Airway - maintains open airway, avoids excessive ventilation
Monitor/defibrillator, CPR coach -
Team Leader - assigns roles, makes treatment decisions
Timer/recorder - time of shock delivery, med. administration, interruptions
CCF
Chest Compression Fraction
The goal is to improve chest compression fraction
Transitions
Second compressor comes in from behind the first.
Pediatric Chains of Survival
BLS for children vs Adults
Anyone 1 to puberty is a child
puberty is chest or underarm hair on boys, and breast development on girls
One or two hands is acceptable, whatever provides effective compressions
Depth: 1/3 of the chest depth
Compression ratio is always 30:2 for 1-person, but for two-person, for a child, ratio changes to 15:2
If arrest was not witnessed, provide 5 cycles CPR before
Must provide breaths
Infant CPR
Do Not press bottom of breastbone
Can use 2 fingers and press down, or encircle and use two thumbs
100-120
Abdominal Thrusts
Hand placement: just
Infant choking
Back slaps (up to 5) then two finger chest thrusts, about 1 per second
support infant on forearm, support head to flip.
For CPR:
Compression ratio 15:2 with 2 rescuers, 30:2 with one rescuer
Infant CPR - bag mask device
- use correct size mask
- Chest Rise is most observable sign of effective breaths
Do not tilt or extend infant’s head beyond neutral position.
Provide only enough air for chest rise
Infant CPR - AED
Infant and children under 8
Use child pads if available
Never use child pads on an adult
Child pads - follow pictures. Some recommend one on chest, one on back.
Manual difibrulation is preferred for infants.
If a non-child AED is all that’s available, use it. Make sure pads don’t touch.
How much to tilt heads for head-tilt chin lift
Adult - chin to sky
Child - mouth to sky
Infant - nose to sky
