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Anatomy > The Back > Flashcards

The Back Flashcards

1
Q

What structures make up the pectoral girdle?

A

The clavicle, scapula and humerus

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2
Q

What ligaments are associated with the pectorial girdle?

A

Acromioclavicular

  • coacoacromial
  • glenohumeral
  • scapulothoracic joint
  • anterior sternal clavicular joint/ ligament
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3
Q

What is another name for Hypaxial muscle and what do they do?

A

-Extrinsic Muscles
-Move limbs.
Innervated by CN XI or brachial plexus branches

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4
Q

Intrinsic Muscles are innervated by what and are associated with muscles where?

A
  • Support upright posture, and vertebral column movements
  • proprioception
  • Innervated by dorsal rami spinal nerves
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5
Q

What are the most superficial layers of back muscles?

A

Trapezius, and latissimus dorsi

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6
Q

What are muscles are deep to the trapezius and the latissimus dorsi?

A
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboid major
  • rhomboid minor
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7
Q

Explain what a axioappencidular muscle is…

A

Posterior muscle attaching the scapula and humerus to the axial skeleton. and/or scapula to the humerus.

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8
Q

What nerve innervates the scapula and the rhomboids?

A

CN IV

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9
Q

Describe the trapezius. (origin, insertion, actions, innervation)

A
  • Origin: ext. occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, C7-T12 spinous process.
  • Insertion: ant. lateral 3rd clavicle. acromion, scapular spine.
  • Action: elevation, depression, retraction of scapula. Superior rotation of glenoid fossa
  • Innervation: motor: CN XI. sernory: Ventral rami C3/C4
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10
Q

Latissimus dorsi (actions, origin, insertion, innervation)

A

-Origin: Iliac crest, inferior 3 ribs, inferior thoracic vertebra 6, thoracolumbar fascia.
-Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus
-ACtion: extend, adduct, medial rotation.
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

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11
Q

What muscle compose the deep posterior axioappendicular muscles, that are still superficial/hypaxial

A
  • Levator Scapula
  • Rhomboid Major
  • Rhomboid Minor
  • these are supplied by thoracodorsal artery/veins and nerve
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12
Q

Rhomboid Major…

A
  • origin:T2-T5 spinous process
  • insertion: medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle.
  • action: retract, elevate, rotate scapula down. Fix to thoracic wall also.
  • innervation: dorsal scapular nerve. Motor: C3/C4
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13
Q

Rhomboid Minor…

A
  • origin: nuchal ligament, c7 and t1 spinous process
  • insertion: medial end of scapular spine
  • action: retract, elevate, rotate down scapula.
  • innervation: dorsal scapular nerve, Motor: c3/c4
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14
Q

Levator Scapula

A
  • origin: posterior tubercle of transverse process of c1-c4
  • insertion: medial scapular border, superior scapular spine
  • action: elevate scapula, inferior rotation of glenoid fossa.
  • innervation: dorsal scapular nerve, ventral rami of cervical spine nerves
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15
Q

What muscles compose the Extrinsic back Muscles?

A
  • Serratus posterior superior
  • serratus posterior inferior
  • compose the third layer of muscles. Provide the postural and rotation of the vertebral column
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16
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A
  • origin: nuchal ligament, c7-t3 spinous process
  • insertion: superior border of ribs 2-4
  • action: elevate the ribs
  • innervation: t2-t5 intercostal nerves (ventral rami)
17
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A
  • origin: t11-l2 spinous process
  • insertion: inferior border of ribs 8-12
  • action: depression of the ribs
  • innervation: intercostal nerve and subcostal nerve
18
Q

What is the deepest group of major epaxial muscles, and the components from deepest to superficial?

A
  • Transversospinalis group
  • -rotatores
  • -multifidus
  • -semispinalis
19
Q

What is the more superficial layer of epaxial back muscles, labeled deepest to superficial?

A
  • Erector spina group
  • -Spinalis
  • -Longissimus
  • -Iliocostalis
20
Q

Of the Hypaxial muscle group, list muscles from deepest to superficial.

A

-serratus posterior
-latissimus dorsi
-trapezius (roughly)
have some amount of overlap

21
Q

The splenius back muscle.

A

Composed of the splenius cervicis and splenius capitis

22
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A
  • origin: nuchal ligament and t1-t6 spinous process
  • insertion: transverse tubercles of c1-c4
  • action: extend head and neck or rotate head
  • innervation: dorsal rami
23
Q

Splenius Capitis

A
  • origin: nuchal ligament and t1-t6 spinous process
  • insertion: lateral aspect of mastoid process, superior nuchal line
  • action: extend,flex head neck. rotation when one is activated
  • innervation: dorsal rami
24
Q

Muscles of the erector spinae group

A
  • iliocostalis
  • longissimus
  • spinalis
  • -innervated: dorsal rami of spinal nerves.
  • -extension/ or lateral flexion
25
Q

Iliocostalis muscle

A
  • most lateral muscle
  • origin:iliac crest, post sacrum, sacroiliac ligament, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous process, supraspinous ligament.
  • insertion: lumbar section (rib 6-12) thoracic (rib 1-6) cervicis (ribs 1-6, post tubercle of c4-c6)
26
Q

Longissimus Cervicis muscle

A
  • origin: transverse process of cervical vertebra

- insertion: transverse process of cervical vertebra

27
Q

Longissimus Thoracis Muscle

A
  • origin: iliac crest, post sacrum, sacroiliac ligament, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous process, supraspinous ligament.
  • insertion: ribs and adjacent transverse process of thoracic vertebra
28
Q

Longissimus Capitis muscle

A
  • origin: transverse process of cervical vertebra

- insertion: mastiod process

29
Q

Spinalis Thoracis muscle

A
  • origin: the spinous process

- insertion: spinous process superior to origin

30
Q

Spinalis Cervicis and Capitis muscle

A

difficult to differentiate and capitis may be missing in some cases

31
Q

Intrinsic back muscles (transversospinalis group)

A
  • innervated: dorsal rami or spinal nerves.

- the deep layer consisting of: semispinalis, rotatores, and mutltifidus

32
Q

Semispinalis Cervicis muscle

A
  • cervical to spinous process of 2nd vertebra.
  • action: extend head and rotate contralaterally
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerve
33
Q

Semispinalis Capitis muscle

A
  • origin: connects superficial to cervicis
  • insertion: transverse process t1-t6 to nuchal line.
  • action: extend head, thoracic, and cervical region. contralateral rotation.
34
Q

Semispinalis Thoracis muscle

A
  • origin: transverse process of t1-t12
  • insertion: spinous process t1-t12
    action: extend head, thoracic, and cervical region. contralateral rotation.
35
Q

Multifidus

A
  • cover lamina and span the vertebral segments from sacrum to c2.
  • origin: transverse process
  • insertion: spinous process
  • action: stabilize vertebra during localized movements of vertebral column
36
Q

Rotatores Brevis muscle

A
  • origin: transverse process
  • insertion: base of spinous process superior to the origin vertebra
  • action:extend head, thoracic, and cervical region. contralateral rotation.
37
Q

Rotatores Longus muscle:

A
  • origin:transverse process of on vertebra
  • insertion: base of spinous process of 2nd vertebra suprior. spans two IV disks.
  • action: extend head, thoracic, and cervical region. contralateral rotation.

Anatomy (18 decks)

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