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Anatomy > Pterygopalatine Fossa > Flashcards

Pterygopalatine Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Name the anterior border of the pterygopalatine fossa

A

Maxillary tuberosity

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2
Q

What is the posterior border of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Lateral plate of the pterygoid process.

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3
Q

What is the medial border of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

The nasal cavity. Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone

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4
Q

What forms the roof of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Greater wing of the sphenoid, (orbit of eye)

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5
Q

What forms the floor of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Pyramidal process of palatine bone. The palate.

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6
Q

What is contained inside the pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  1. Maxillary nerve V2
  2. Pterygopalatine ganglion
  3. 3rd portion of maxillary artery
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7
Q

Structures that originate in the orbit and pass through the inferior orbital fissure (superior border) of the pterygopalatine fossa, consist of what?

A
  1. Infra orbital nerve
  2. Zygomatic nerve
  3. Orbital branches of CNV2
  4. Infra orbital artery
  5. Inferior ophthalmic vein
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8
Q

Structures that originate in the middle cranial fossa passing through the foramen rotundum (posterior border) of pterygopalatine fossa consist of.?

A
  1. Maxillary nerve CNV2
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9
Q

Structures that originate in the base of the skull, pass through the pterygoid canal (medial posterior border) consist of what?

A
  1. Pterygoid canal nerve which separates to greater and deep petrosal nerve.
  2. .artery of pterygoid canal and vein
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10
Q

What structures originate in the palate and will pass through the greater palatine canal (floor) consists of what?

A
  1. Greater palatine nerve
  2. Greater palatine artery
  3. Descending palatine artery
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11
Q

What structures pass through the lesser palatine canal from the palate into the pterygopalatine fossa from the floor?

A
  1. Lesser palatine nerve.

2. Lesser palatine artery and terminal branches of descending palatine artery

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12
Q

Originating from the nasal cavity, passing through the sphenopalatine foramen on the medial border of the pterygopalatine fossa. What structure does this?

A
  1. Medial and lateral posterior superior and posterior inferior nasal branches of the CNv2. From nasopalatine nerve
  2. Sphenopalatine artery and vein
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13
Q

The maxillary nerve branches into what structures in the pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  1. Zygomatic nerve and the pterygopalatine nerves
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14
Q

The maxillary nerves branch into the pterygopalatine nerves and zygomatic nerve. What does the zygomatic nerve branch off into?

A

Zygomaticofacial nerve and zygomaticotemporal nerve

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15
Q

The maxillary nerves branch into the pterygopalatine nerves and zygomatic nerve. Which branches into the zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal nerve. What does the zygomaticotemporal nerve branch into?

A

Communicates using parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal nerve. CNV1

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16
Q

Damage to the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa can have what significant effect?

A
  1. Loss of sensation to zygomatico temporal and zygomaticofacial regions of skin
  2. Loss of lacrimal gland innervation, causing eye damage.
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17
Q

Where do parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion come from?

A
  1. Facial nerve via the greater petrosal nerve
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18
Q

What structures form the nerve of the pterygoid canal?

A
  1. Greater petrosal nerve (parasympathetic)

2. Deep petrosal nerve (parasympathetic)

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19
Q

Where does the deep petrosal nerve arise?

A

Internal carotid plexus

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20
Q

What type of information does the deep petrosal nerve carry?

A
  1. Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers.

2. Join branches of maxillary nerve at the pterygopalatine ganglion but do not synapse.

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21
Q

Where will presynaptic parasympathetic fibers arise from in the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

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22
Q

What branches of the maxillary artery are in the “mandibular region”?

A
  1. Inferior alveolar: feeds mandible, teeth, gingiva
  2. Anterior tympanic: feeds tympanic cavity
  3. Deep auricular: feeds ext. aud.canal and temporomandibular joint
  4. Middle meningeal: feeds dura, ant/middle cranial fossa, cal aria
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23
Q

The pterygoid region of the maxillary artery consists of branches?

A
  1. Masseteric: feeds masseter m.
  2. Deep temporal: feeds temporalis m.
  3. Pterygoid branch: feeds pterygoid m.
  4. Buccal: buccal m.
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24
Q

What are the different branches of the pterygopalatine region of the maxillary artery?

A
  1. Descending palatine
  2. Posterosuperior alveolar
  3. Infra orbital
  4. Artery of pterygoid canal
  5. Sphenopalatine artery
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25
Q

The pterygopalatine branch of the maxillary artery gives rise to the descending palatine artery which splits into what and feeds what?

A
  1. Greater palatine artery: hard palate

2. Lesser palatine artery: soft palate, pharyngeal wall, palatine tonsil

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26
Q

The pterygopalatine region of the maxillary artery gives rise to the posterosuperior alveolar artery which splits into what and feeds what?

A

No split.

Feeds maxillary molars, maxillary sinus, gingiva

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27
Q

The pterygopalatine region of the maxillary artery gives rise to the infraorbital artery which splits into what and feeds what?

A
  1. Feeds maxillary alveoli
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28
Q

The pterygopalatine region of the maxillary artery gives rise to the sphenopalatine artery which splits into what and feeds what?

A
  1. Lateral posterior nasal: lateral wall of nasal cavity

2. Posterior septal branch: nasal septum

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29
Q

What comprise the bony parts of the nose?

A
  1. Nasal bone
  2. Frontal process of maxilla
  3. Nasal part of frontal bone and nasal spine
  4. Bony part of nasal septum
30
Q

What forms the cartilaginous part of the nose?

A
  1. Lateral cartilage (2)
  2. Alar cartilage (2)
  3. Septal cartilage, nasal septum
31
Q

What part of the nose is not lined with nasal mucosa?

A

Vestibule. Considered to be external portion

32
Q

How is nasal mucosa attached in the nose

A

Attached to the periostium and perichondrium

33
Q

What part of the nasal cavity is considered respiratory area and what region the olfactory area?

A
  1. Resp= inferior 2/3

2. Olfa= superior 1/3

34
Q

What is a nasal turbinate?

A

Synonymous with concha. Scrolled spongy bone in the nasal passage.

35
Q

What is the roof boundary of the nasal cavity?

A

Frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone

36
Q

What is the floor boundary of the nasal cavity?

A

Palatine process of the maxilla, palatine horizontal plate

37
Q

What is the medial wall boundary of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal septum. Ethmoid perpendicular plate, vomer, septal cartilage, nasal crest of maxillary and palatine bones

38
Q

What is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior nasal concha

39
Q

What are the 4 passages the nasal cavity can be divided into?

A
  1. spheno-ethmoidal (opens to sphenoid sinus)
  2. Superior nasal meatus (open to ethmoidal sinus)
  3. Middle nasal meatus ( open to frontal sinus)
  4. Inferior nasal meatus (open to nasolacrimal duct)
40
Q

Which passage opens the nasal cavity to the sphenoid sinus?

A

Spheno-ehtmoidal recess

41
Q

Which passage opens the ethmoidal since to the nasal passage?

A

Superior nasal meatus

42
Q

Which passage opens the nasal cavity to the frontal sinus?

A

Middle nasal meatus. Which also opens up to the maxillary sinus, below the ethmoid bulla

43
Q

What passage opens the nasolacrimal duct to the nasal cavity?

A

Inferior nasal meatus

44
Q

What branches of the maxillary artery feed the nasal cavity?

A
  1. Sphenopalatine
  2. Anterior/posterior ethmoidal
  3. Greater palatine
    * supply the lateral and medial walls
45
Q

What branches of the facial artery supply the nasal cavity?

A
  1. Superior labial

2. Lateral nasal branches

46
Q

What supplies the posterior 2/3 of the nasal cavity with innervation?

A

CNV2 from the nasopalatine and greater palatine n

47
Q

What supplies teh anteriosuperio nasal mucosa and lateral wall of the nasal cavity with innervation?

A

CNv1, via the anterior ethmoidal nerves.

48
Q

What is a paranasal sing and what are the 4 common ones?

A
  • air-filled extension of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity.
    1. Frontal sinus
    2. Ethmoid sinus
    3. Sphenoid sinus
    4. Maxillary sinus
49
Q

What are characteristics of the maxillary sinus?

A
  1. Largest
  2. Drains to maxillary osmium to middle meatus
  3. Superior alveolar branches of maxillary aa, and greater palatine aa
  4. Superior alveolar nerve branches
50
Q

What are characteristics of the ethmoid sinus?

A
  1. between orbits
  2. Drain into middle meatus (Ant/middle) superior meatus (post)
  3. ethmoidal aa from ophthalmic aa
  4. Nasociliary nn CNV1
51
Q

Characteristic of the sphenoid sinus?

A
  1. Drain via the spheno-ethmoidal recess
  2. Posterior ethmoidal aa
  3. Posterior ethmoidal nn
52
Q

What are unique to the frontal sinus?

A
  1. B/w outer and inner table of frontal bone
  2. Drain to semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
  3. Supra orbital and ant. Ethmoid aa
  4. Supra orbital nn, CNv1
53
Q

What is the opening from the nasopharynx into the middle ear?

A

Eustachian tube, or pharyngotympanic tube

54
Q

What contents are contained in the middle ear in the petrosal part of the temporal bone?

A
  1. Auditory ossicles
  2. Stamped its and tensor tympani m.
  3. chorda tympani n. Taste to ant. 2/3 tongue CNVII
  4. Tympanic plexus
55
Q

What boundary forms the roof of the middle ear?

A

Tegmental wall. Temporal bone or tegman tympani

56
Q

What boundary forms the floor of the middle ear?

A

Jugular wall

57
Q

What boundary forms the lateral wall of middle ear?

A

TM, membranous wall

58
Q

What boundary forms the medial wall of the middle ear?

A

Labryinthe wall; cochlea, oval and round Windows

59
Q

What forms the anterior border of the middle ear?

A

Carotid wall; internal carotid artery

60
Q

What forms the posterior border of the middle ear?

A

Mastoid wall, which opens to the mastoid Antrum

61
Q

What is the incudomalleolar joint?

A

Joint between the incus and malleus

62
Q

What is the incudostapedial joint?

A

Joint between the incus and stapedius

63
Q

Where does the tensor tympani insert?

A
  1. Dampens sound by tensing the TM
64
Q

What is the point of the stapedius?

A

Innervated by stapedius nerve from facial nerve.

Stabilizes the stapes

65
Q

What is the primary role of the cochlea?

A
  1. Role for hearing. Shell shaped in bony labyrinth with cochlear duct
66
Q

What is the primary role of the vestibule?

A
  1. Balance as it contains the utricle and saccule
67
Q

What is the primary role of the semicircular canals?

A

Communication with vestibule for balance.

68
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Located in petrosal temporal bone.

Carries: CNVII, and CNVIII and blood vessels to internal ear.

69
Q

What blood vessels carry blood to the internal ear?

A

Labyrinthe artery, which branches from the anterior inferior cerebellum or basilar arteries.

70
Q

Name the lateral border of the pterygopalatine fossa.

A
  1. Infratemporal fossa, after passing through the pterygomaxillary fissure

Anatomy (18 decks)

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