Superficial Neck

Question 1

What structures arise form the second pharyngeal arch?

Answer 1

1. Stapes, styloid process, lesser Cornu of hyoid, upper body of hyoid
2. Facial exp muscles, stapedius, stylohyoid, post belly of digastric
3. Facial nerve innervation CNVII

Question 2

What structures arise from the third pharyngeal arch?

Answer 2

1. Greater Cornu of hyoid, lower body of hyoid.
2. Stylopharyngeus
3. Innervated via CNIX, glossopharyngeal

Question 3

What structures arise from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?

Answer 3

1. Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform cartilage.
2. Cricothyroid, levator veil palatini, pharynx constrictor, larynx, esophagus striated m.
3. Innervation: sup laryngeal branch of CNX, recurrent laryngeal branch of CNX

Question 4

What are the cutaneous superficial muscles of the neck, and their innervation?

Answer 4

1. Sternocleidomastoid and part of trapezius.

2. Innervated by accessory nerve CNXI, damage will cause prevent movement of these muscles

Question 5

What is torticollis?

Answer 5

Dystonic condition with asymmetric positioning of the neck.

Question 6

With fibromatosis colli (torticollis) what is the cause?

Answer 6

1. Due to fibrosis and scar tissue on the muscle. Causes the muscle to tighten, pulling the head towards the affected side.

Question 7

What is the cause of muscular torticollis?

Answer 7

1. Congenital, does not have damage to the muscle, damage is to the nerve. Causes the head to be pulled away from the affected side, due to lack of SCM tone.

Question 8

What are the compartments of the neck?

Answer 8

1. Superficial
2. Investing layer
3. Pretracheal
4. Prevertebral
5. Alar fascia with carotid sheath

Question 9

What are the supra hyoid muscles?

Answer 9

1. Mylohyoid (elevate hyoid and tongue)
2. Geniohyoid (shorten mouth floor)
3. Digastrics (ant. CNv3. Post=CNVII, depress mandible)

Question 10

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 10

1. Sternohyoid and omohyoid (depress hyoid)
2. Sternothyroid (depress hyoid; Ansa cervicalis)
3. Thyrohyoid (depress hyoid, elevate larynx. C1 via hypoglossal n path)

Question 11

What are the anterior vertebral muscles ?

Answer 11

1. Longus colli
2. Longus capitis
3. Rectus capitis anterior
4. Anterior scalene

Question 12

What are the lateral vertebral muscles?

Answer 12

1. Rectus capitis lateralis
2. Splenius capitis
3. Levator scapulae
4. Middle and posterior scalene

Question 13

What are the Sympathetics of the neck?

Answer 13

Superior cervical ganglion, middle and inferior cervical ganlgion

Question 14

What structures arise from the first pharyngeal arch?

Answer 14

1. Malleus, incus
2. Mastication muscles, mylohyoid/anterior belly of di gastric, tensor tympani, tensor veil palatini.
3. CNV innervation