Lecture 8: abd viscera Flashcards
What organs are in the foregut and fed via the celiac trunk?
- esophagus
- stomach
- duodenum
- liver
- gallbladder
- spleen
- pancreas
What organs are in the midgut and fed via superior mesenteric artery?
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
- cecum/appendix
- ascending colon
- 2/3 transverse colon
What organs are in the hindgut and fed via the inferior mesenteric artery?
- 1/3 transverse colon
- descending and sigmoid colon
- rectum
- anal canal
What is the esophageal hiatus?
- T10 where esophagus penetrates the diaphragm
What is the esophageal sphincter?
- T11
- bu not well defined, after the cardiac orifice
Where is a sliding hiatus likely to occur?
- esophageal hiatus
- some of stomach can herniate into thorax
What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
- allows passage of fundus of stomach through the diaphragm via defect
What are the two fixed ends of the stomach?
T10-T11 and L1-L2
What are the muscle layers of the stomach deep to superficial?
- inner oblique
- middle oblique layer
- outer longitudinal layer
Where is the duodenum and what are the subdivisions?
- L1 to L4
- superior, descending, horizontal, ascending
- runs from pylorus to duodenal-jejunal junction
What begins at the duodeno-jejunal flexure?
root of mesentery
The first portion of the duodenum is surrounded by what structure?
- hepatoduodenal ligament
What anchors the superior portion of the duodenum?
hepatoduodenal ligament
What is significant about the descending region of the duodenum?
- bile and pancreatic juices enter at the duodenal papilla
What structures cross the anterior surface of the horizontal duodenum?
- superior mesenteric artery/vein
- root of mesentery
What is unique about the ascending duodenum?
- no peritoneal covering
- is anterior to the left margin of aorta
- held in place by suspensory ligament to the right crus of diaphragm
How does the jejunum differ from the ileum?
- long vasa recta
- larger diameter
, more plicae circularis
How does the ileum differ from the jejunum?
- shorter vasa recta
- less vasculature
- smaller/thinner
- fewer plicae circularis
What is meckel’s diverticulum?
- congenital anomaly of a leftover portion of umbilical cord, causing a bulge
What structures does the mesentery cross in covering the jejunum and ileum?
3rd portion of duodenum
- aorta
- IVC
- right ureter
- right gonadal vessel
- right psoas major
- stops at right SI joint
What are the regions of the large intestine?
- cecum and vermiform appendix
- ascending colon
- right colic flexure
- transverse colon
- left colic flexure
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
- rectum/anal canal located in pelvis
What are taenia coli?
- 3 bands of longitudinal muscles on outer surface of intestine
- produce haustrae to slow feces movement
What structures are anterior to the spleen?
- stomach
- left colic flexure
- tail of pancreas
What tissue gives rise to the spleen?
- mesoderm
What structures are inferior to the spleen?
- left kidney
- phrenicocolic ligament
Where is the pancreas?
- secondary retroperitoneal
- L1 to L2
- traverses from in front of spleen to the descending duodenum
What forms the major duodenal papilla?
- the hepatopancreatic ampulla, from combination of the bile duct and major pancreatic duct
The accessory pancreatic duct enters where?
- minor duodenal papilla
What are the lobes of the liver and how is it connected to abd wall?
- left/ rigth
- caudate and quadrate
- falciform ligament connects liver to anterior wall
What is the bare area on the liver?
- region of no peritoneal coverage, as the hepatic veins leave and enter into the IVC
What is the porta hepatis of liver?
- transverse fissure between caudate and quadrate lobes
- transmits hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct
What is the ligamentum teres of liver?
- on edge of falcifrom
- remnants of umbilical cord
What is the ligamentum venosum of liver?
- closed ductus venosus
Where on the abd wall does the gallbladder come in contact?
- midclavicular line at 9th 10th costal cartilages
What is the pathway that freshly made bile would travel if it were not stored, and needed to be secreted?
- Lt/Rt hepatic ducts
- common hepatic duct
- cystic duct combines with hepatic duct
- common bile duct
- joins with the pancreatic duct to form major ampulla
