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NEUR0014 > The Amygdaloid Complex > Flashcards

The Amygdaloid Complex Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 subgroups of the amygdaloid complex

A

Basolateral complex
Cortico-medial complex
Central nucleus

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2
Q

What are the effects of a bilateral amygdaloid complex lesion in monkeys?

A

Tameness
Hypoemotionality
Hyperphagia

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3
Q

What are the effects of adult-acquired bilateral amygdala lesions in humans?

A

Hypersexuality, hypoemotionality, oral tendency

Milder than Kluver-Bucy syndrome - but same symptoms

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4
Q

What is the effect of electrically stimulating the amygdala in awake humans?

A

Positive and negative feelings

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5
Q

Which type of neurons does the basolateral complex contain?

A

Glutamatergic

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6
Q

What type of neurons do the central nuclei contain?

A

GABAergic

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7
Q

The central nuclei form part of which system?

A

Autonomic

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8
Q

The cortical and medial nuclei form part of which system?

A

Olfactory

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9
Q

Where in the amygdala does the main olfactory bulb project to?

A

Cortical nuclei

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10
Q

Where in the amygdala does the accessory olfactory bulb project to?

A

Medial nuclei

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11
Q

What is the role of the medial nuclei?

A

Project to hypothalamic regions involved in affilative and defensive behaviours

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12
Q

What is the role of the cortical nuclei?

A

Coordinate responses involving odour-driven innate aversive and appetitive behaviours

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13
Q

The basolateral complex forms part of which system?

A

Frontotemporal system

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14
Q

What is the role of the basolateral complex?

A

Integrates multimodal interoceptive and exteroceptive sensory information - mediates learning about sensory cues

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15
Q

Where does the lateral nucleus receive sensory inputs from?

A

S1
Association cortices
Thalamus
Hippocampus

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16
Q

Where does the lateral nucleus project to?

A

Basal and accessory basal nuclei

NAc and PFC - directly and via dorsomedial thalamus

17
Q

Where does the whole basolateral complex project to?

A

Central nucleus

18
Q

Where does the central nucleus project to?

A

Hypothalamus
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

19
Q

What mediates CS-US association?

A

Basolateral complex

20
Q

What mediates defensive response performance (e.g. freezing, escape)?

A

Central nucleus

21
Q

What is the predominant serial view of amygdala processing?

A

Lateral -> basal -> central -> hypothalamus/brainstem

22
Q

What is Killcross and Balleine’s (2006) alternative parallel view of amygdala processing?

A

Basolateral and central nuclei work in parallel
Basolateral complex recognises cues predicting US
Central nucleus mediates affective reactions to CS - encodes prediction of future affective event - no specification of what event is

23
Q

How does a basolateral complex lesion affect Pavlovian fear conditioning to a tone in mice?

A

No association between US and CS

Does not learn to fear tone

24
Q

How does central nucleus inhibition affect Pavlovian fear conditioning to a tone in mice?

A 
No freezing (fear expression)
Learning still occurs
25
Q

How do PFC inputs modulate the basolateral complex?

A

Extinguish fear conditioned response (fear extinction)

Association never removed from amygdala

26
Q

What is Urbach-Wiethe disease?

A

Progressive bilateral amygdala calcification - from young age

27
Q

How did Urbach-Wiethe disease affect Patient SM?

A

Deficits in recognising facial expression of fear
No fear behaviour
Increased trustworthiness of positive and negative faces
Increased comfortable proximity to others

28
Q

What is a weakness of Patient SM as a case study of bilateral amygdala lesion?

A

Had facial disfigurement - may have caused decreased fear response

29
Q

How did Urbach-Wiethe disease affect South African patients and what does this suggest?

A

Decreased basolateral amygdala volume
Increased fear
BLA may inhibit fear behaviour

30
Q

What is the effect of an amygdala lesion in macaques and what does this suggest the role of the amygdala may be?

A 
Social disinhibition
Increased approach behaviour
Increased likeability
Decreased aggression
Decreased social hierarchy ranking
31
Q

What do amygdala neurons respond to in macaques when shown photos of other macaques?

A

Some respond to identity of macaque

Some respond to specific facial responses

32
Q

What do individual amygdala neurons respond to in humans?

A

Some to selective part of face
Some to whole face
Some differentiate between happy and fearful expressions

33
Q

What is the overall role of the amygdala and the purpose of its function?

A

Value coding - positive and negative values

Updates values

34
Q

Name the areas of the amygdala olfactory system

A

Olfactory input - cortico-medial nuclei - hypothalamus

35
Q

Where does the main olfactory bulb project to and what is the role of the next projection in the pathway?

A

Cortical nucleus

Hypothalamus - coordinating responses about odour-driven innate aversive/appetitive behaviours

36
Q

Where does the accessory olfactory bulb project to and what is the role of the next projection in the pathway?

A

Medial nucleus

Hypothalamus - affiliative/defensive behaviours

37
Q

Name the areas of the amygdala fronto-temporal system

A

Neocortex - basolateral nuclei - dorsomedial thalamic nucleus - PFC

38
Q

Name the areas of the amygdala autonomic system

A

Visceral input - central nucleus - hypothalamus/brainstem

NEUR0014 (19 decks)

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