The Airway Flashcards
How to size Pedi ETT
Without cuff- (Age/4)+4
With cuff- (Age/4)+3.5
LMA size
1= <5kg
1.5= 5-10kg
2= 10-20kg
2.5= 20-30kg
3= 30-50kg
4=50-70kg
5=70-100kg
LMA Variations
Proseal- has a spot to place gastric drain tube for decompression
Fastrach- intubations
C Tach- intubations with camera
Flexible- for head and neck surgery
Igel
When not to use LMA
Risk of aspiration
Airway obstructin
Tracheal collapse
Poor lung compliance
High airway resistance
What to do if pt vomits with LMA
Leave LMA in
Trendelenburg
Deepen anesthetic
100% fio2
Low FGF
Suction through LMA
Use FOB to evaluate and consider intubation
Comitube
Trauma only via EMT
Blind technique
Double lumen
Secures airway and demprosses stomach
Sizes- 37 for 4-6ft
41 for over 6 feet
King Airway
Similar to comitube but single lumen and has pedi sizes
FOB
Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope
Used for IL in awake or asleep pt
Good for difficult airway
Cx- refusal, no skills, trauma and blood, lack of time
Intubating stylet
Bougie
Best used with grade 3 view
Worst used with grade 4 view
Feel tracheal rings
Retrograde intubation
When upper airway is completely obstructed
Needle thru cricothyroid membrane up into mouth
Then use as bougie
Invasive airways
Percutaneous cricothyrotomy
surgical circothyrotomy
Treacheotomy
Tracheal extubation criteria
Acceptable hemodynamics
Normothermia
Reflexes
Consciousness
Strength- hold head up 5 seconds and hand grip
Reversal of NMB TOF >0.9
HGB 7
Analgesia
Metabolics like electrolyes and PH
VC >15ml/kg
Neg IP 20cmH2O
Vt 4-5ml/kg
Fio2 under .5
Spo2 >90%
PaO2 60mmHg
PaCO@ <50
Acceptable spontaneous RR
Intubation complications
Aspiration (1 in 35,000)
Biting
Advancement to bronchi
Trauma- dental most common
Vocal cord paralysis
Esophageal laceration
Upper airway Location and function
Location- mouth/ nares to cricoid cartiledge
Function- warming and humidify air, filter particulates, prevents aspiration
Nose and Nasal Passages
Tubrinates- 3 on each side, highly vasculature so to reduce trauma
Device should be directed between inferior turbinate and the floor of nasal cavity
2x increased resistance thru nose vs mouth
Mouth and jaw
Separated by soft and hard palate
Obstructive structures (tongue, soft palate) may collapse over nasal passage causing sleep apnea
Disorders- micrognathia, macroglossia
Nasopharynx
Leads to oropharynx
Anterior C1 between base of skull and soft palate
Estuchian tubes
Trigeminal nerve
Oropharynx
Leads to hypopharynx
C2-C3
Soft palate to epiglottis
Hypopharynx
C5-C6, below C3
Epiglottis to inferior cricoid cartiledge
Vagus nerve- RLN & SLN
Epiglottis location
Separates hypopharynx from larynx
C2-C3
What covers the glottis during swallowing?
Epiglottis
Glottis location
Adults- C4 C5 C6
Children- C3 C4 C5
Larynx anatomy and components
Leads to trachea
Glottic opening to inferior border of cricoid cartilage
Hyoid bone
Ligaments- thyroid and cricothyroid
Cartilages- epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid
Corniculate, artenoid, cuneiform
Larynx function
Protects airway from aspiration
Patency between pharynx and trachea
Gag and cough reflex
Phonation
The only bone that doesn’t articulate with another bone
Hyoid
Hyoid function
Main support of the larynx
Attaches to thyroid cartilage via the thyrohyoid membrane