Control of Cardiac Output/Cardiac Cycle Flashcards
7 phases of cardiac cyce
(Systole 2,3,4)(Diastole 5,6,7,1)
2- Isovolumetric contraction
3- Rapid ejection
4- Reduced ejection
5- Isovolumetric relaxation
6- Rapid filling
7- Diastasis
1- Atrial systole
Phase 1
Atrial systole
NOT REQUIRED
20-40% of LV filling
LVEDV=120ml
Possible s4
When are all valves closed?
Phase 2- isovolumetric contraction
S1= mitral valve closes
ALSO
Phase 5- isovolumetric relaxation
S2= pulmonic and aortic valves close
When are pulmonic and aortic valves open?
Phase 3- rapid ejection
No heart sounds
What percent ejects during phase 3?
70%
LVESV
50ml
Phase 6
Rapid ventricular filling
Possible S3
Phase 7
Reduced ventricular filling
Diastasis
Frank sterling law
The bigger the preload, the bigger the force of contraction and thus bigger SV (within limits)
When the sarcomere length is increased, more actin and myosin can bind, causing bigger contraction
Cardiac SV responds more to preload than nuerohormonal mechanisms like the intrincsic heart nodes
Matching venous return to cardiac output in BOTH ventricles
Changes force in contraction and SV in response to venous return
Increase volume increases contraction
What is the more independent flow?
Arterial is less controlled by blood flow and CO
What is CO? Not the equation
Quantity of blood pumped into the aorta each minute
Venous return
The amount of blood coming into the RA each minute
What controls CO normally?
Venous return, the heart is not the primary controller of CO
SV formula
EDV- ESV
EF
SV/EDV