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Neuroanatomy > Thalamus > Flashcards

Thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

____________

Major relay station of the brain (esp of sensory and motor info)

but it does association work too

integrates info from other subcortical structures (eg basal ganglia)

A

Thalamus

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2
Q

________ contains pineal gland and habenula

A

epithalamus

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3
Q

__________ is an endocrine gland, secretes melatonin when it’s dark, regulates sextual cycles, and circadian sleep/wake cycles , located above tectum and in font of posterior commissure.

A

Pineal gland

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4
Q

__________ lies in front of pineal (on both sides), linked to negative reward/aversive stimuli and is smaller in depressed individuals (interacts with DA and 5HT system)

A

Habenula

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5
Q

_________ contains subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta. It continues with tegmentum in midbrain.

lies underneath the thalamus

A

subthalamus

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6
Q

_________ project to SN and red nuclei and to the reticular formation and other parts of midbrain

A

Subthalamus

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7
Q

Orientations of Thalamus are :

_______ to lateral ventricles

_______ to internal capsule

_______ to hypothalamus and subthalamus

_______ to 3rd ventricle

masa intermedia ______ 3rd ventricle

A

Orientations of Thalamus are :

inferior to lateral ventricles

medial to internal capsule

superior to hypothalamus and subthalamus

lateral to 3rd ventricle

masa intermedia across 3rd ventricle

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8
Q

divisions of thalamic nuclei are separated by a sheet of white matter called __________

A

internal medullary lamina

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9
Q

Thalamus is wrapped by ___________

A

reticular nucleus

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10
Q

gross nuclei divisions of thalamus are :

__________, ____________, __________

A

lateral nuclei, medial nuclei, anterior nuclei

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11
Q

Nuclei inside internal medullary lamina are ___________

A

interalaminar nuclei

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12
Q

Where internal medullary lamina splits at anterior of thalamus is the___________ (pink)

________ projects to the cingulum

relay nucleus

A

anterior nucleus

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13
Q

Where internal medullary lamina splits the medial from the lateral thalamus is the.

called ________ nucleus

projects to the prefrontal cortex

association nucleus

A

Medial Nucleus. (called dorsomedial nucleus too)

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14
Q

lateral to the internal medullary lamina is the _______

comprises majority of thalamus

further divided into dorsal and ventral tiers

A

lateral nucleus.

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15
Q

Lateral nuclear group in the dorsal tier consists of :

A

lateral dorsal nucleus

lateral posterior nucleus

pulvinar

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16
Q

Ventral nuclear group in the ventral tier consists of :

A

ventral anterior nucleus,

ventral lateral nucleus,

ventral posterior nucleus

17
Q

Ventral Posterior Nucleus is further drvoted into :

________ (___ sensory) and _______ (___ sensory)

A

ventral posterolateral nucleus (sensory body)

ventral posteromedial nucleus (sensory head)

18
Q

the two nuclei that hang off the back in the ventral lateral thalamus are :

A

lateral geniculate nucleus (visual) and medial geniculate (auditory)

19
Q

____________ only projects to other portion of thalamus not cortexes.

important for regulatory function (inhibition)

A

reticular nucleus

20
Q

___________ are loops - inputs comes into the thalamus and outputs leaves, it often loops to and back from cortex

Makes thalamus a filter and a regulator

A

Thalamic connections

21
Q

Inputs to the thalamic nuclei can be divided into two categories : ______ and ______

A

specific inputs (from sensory system) and regulatory inputs (feedback from cortex)

22
Q

The thalamic nuclei (specific inputs and outputs) can also be divided into three categories : ___________ , _________ and _________

A

Relay nuclei

Association nuclei

intralaminar and midline nuclei

23
Q

specific input (from spinal)

to _______ of thalamus

project to specific cortical region

and feedback to regulate function

most thalamic nuclei are in this category.

A

Relay nuclei (sensory or motor to cortex)

24
Q

specific input is received from association cortex (eg PFC) to ___________

it projects back to related association cortex ares (other PFC region)

A

association thalamic nucleus

25
Q

receives specific inputs from subcortical regions (eg basal ganglia) and project to cortex and also to basal ganglia or limbic structures

A

Intralaminar Nuclei (basal gangalia and limbic loops)

26
Q

The _______ nucelus and ______ are the principal association nuclei

A

dorsomedial nucleus and pulvinar

27
Q

___________ project to both the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia

A

Intralaminar nuclei

28
Q

Thalamus mainly suppled by _______________

A

posterior cerebral artery and its communicating branches

29
Q

Most thalamic damage come from _______ events

A

vascular events

30
Q

pain often results from damage anywhere along the anteriolateral pathway, thus called _____________

A

thalamic pain (type of central pain)

31
Q

__________ fibers between thalamus, putamen, caudate.

inferiorly goes down through _________

superiorly fans out as ________ on its way to cortex (projection fibers)

A

internal capsule

cerebral peduncles

corona radiata

32
Q

___________ is the white matter of the association cortices that run within hemisphere (anterior to posterior )

A

centrum semiovala

33
Q

Internal Capsule has 5 parts, name them with location related to putaman

A

anterior limb (btw putamen and caudate)

posterior limb (btw putamen and thalamus)

genu (btw anterior and posterior limbs)

retrolenticular part (behind putamen)

sublenticular part (below putamen)

34
Q

___________ : fibres that connect anterior nucleus to cingulate ; dorsmedial to PF

A

anterior limb

35
Q

__________ : contains motor fibres .

eg corticospinal and those that go to VA and VL and thalamus

A

posterior limb

36
Q

________ : transition zone between anterior limbs and posterior limbs

A

genu

37
Q

_________ : parietal connections, occipital including some of optic radiations (those going to superior bank of calcarine)

A

retrolenticular part

38
Q

__________ : rest of optic radiations (those going to inferior of calcarine) ; auditory radiations; pulvinar to temporal association cortex fibers

A

sublenticular part

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

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