Cranial Nerves and their nuclei

Question 1

what are the 4 somatic motor cranial nerves (with their functions)

Answer 1

Somatic Motor CN (III IV VI XII)

III oculomotor (eye movement)

IV trochlear (eye movement)

VI Abducens (eye movement)

XIII Hypoglossal (tongue movement)

Question 2

III Oculomotor Nerve innervates _____ of the 6 eye muscles

Answer 2

III Oculomotor Nerve Innervates 4 of the 6 eye muscles

Question 3

Axons projects from _________ to the ipsilateral eyeball muscles (except ________ is contralateral) . Muscles that raise eyelids come from ________.

Answer 3

Axons projects from oculomotor nucleus to the ipsilateral eyeball muscles (except superior rectus is contralateral) . Muscles that raise eyelids come from midline.

Question 4

CN III damage:

_________ = one eye is pulled laterally, while the other stays centred leads to diplopia (double vision).

_________ = drooping (falling) eyelids

_________ = pupils dilated

Answer 4

CN III damage:

lateral strabismus. one eye is pulled laterally, while the other stays centred leads to diplopia (double vision).

ptosis - drooping (falling) eyelids

mydriasis - pupils dilated

Question 5

Innervates the superior oblique eye muscle, contralaterally : muscle moves eye down and laterally

Answer 5

IV Trochlear Nerve

Question 6

Only cranial nerve located on the dorsal / posterior side of brainstem. + Only cranial nerve that is entirely contralateral.

Damage to this nerve usually mild because if only control one small muscle. can cause some double vision.

Answer 6

IV Trochlear Nerve

Question 7

___________ - Innervates the lateral rectus muscle ipslaterally from the abducens nucleus

which abducts the eye (move laterally)

Answer 7

VI Abducens Nerve

Question 8

Damage to abducens nerve causes________ (one eye pulls medially while th either is centred)

Answer 8

medial strabismus

Question 9

____________ is also adjacent to Abducens Nerve and runs with the abducens in the __________ of the facial nerve.

Answer 9

Facial nerve is also adjacent and runs with the abducens in the internal genu of the facial nerve.

Question 10

Lateral eye movements are paired, so damage to abducens nucleus can also affect __________ eye

Answer 10

Lateral eye movements are paired, so damage to abducens nucleus can also affect contralateral eye

Question 11

___________ “under the tounge” nerve axon go ipsilaterally from ____________ to most of the muscles of the tongue.

Answer 11

Hypoglossal “under the tounge” nerve axon go ipsilaterally from hypoglossal neucles to most of the muscles of the tongue.

Question 12

Damage to HG nerve causes _____________

Answer 12

?

Question 13

what are the 5 brancial CN (with functions)

Answer 13

V trigeminal : major general sensory nerve for the head.

VII Facial - motor nerve for facial expressions.

IX Glossophatngeal: taste and throat/ mouth sensation

X Vagus : …

XI Accessory neck and ..

Question 14

___________ Nerve :

Like the spinal cord of the head

Transmits tactile proprioceptive pain and temp info from the head to the cortex,Cb and reticular formation.

Answer 14

V Trigeminal Nerve

Like the spinal cord of the head

Transmits tactile proprioceptive pain and temp info from the head to the cortex,Cb and reticular formation.

Question 15

Trigeminal “birth of three”:

_____ , _________ , ___________

Answer 15

Trigeminal “birth of three”:

phthalamic (eyes)

maxillary( nose, sinus, upper kaw)

mandibular (lower jaw)

Question 16

Describe neclei of Trigminal nerve

Answer 16

Main Sensory nucleus: touch and jaw position

Spinal nucleus : pain and temp.

Motor nucleus: mastication, jaw reflex

mesencephalic nucleus: touch, proprioception, reflexes.

Question 17

________________ - misfiring of pain neurons in this area lead to brief bouts of excruciating pain.

Answer 17

trigeminal neuralgia - misfiring of pain neurons in this area lead to brief bouts of excruciating pain.

Question 18

____________ innervates muscles of facial expressions from the _____________ (through the internal genu of the facial nerve)

Answer 18

VII Facial Nerves

Facial nerve innervates muscles of facial expressions from the facial motor nucleus (through the internal genu of the facial nerve)

Question 19

____________ : involved in corneal blink reflex (when one cornea is touched both eyes blink) - can be used to test of damage to trigmenial and facial

Answer 19

VII Facial Nerves

involved in corneal blink reflex (when one cornea is touched both eyes blink) can be used to test of damage to trigmenial and facial

Question 20

______________ Also innervate nasal cavity, soft palate, taste buds, salivary glands, lacrimal glands, originates from superior salivary nucleus

Answer 20

VII Facial Nerves

Also innervate nasal cavity, soft palate, taste buds, salivary glands, lacrimal glands, originates from superior salivary nucleus

Question 21

_______________ are those from motor cortex to the brainstem. Facial expressions muscles are sepalled side controlled (as opposed to swallowing muscles)

Answer 21

Corticobulbar neurons are those from motor cortex to the brainstem. Facial expressions muscles are sepalled side controlled (as opposed to swallowing muscles)

Question 22

_____________ Conveys info from tongue and throat to brainstem nuclei (from tastebuds, from several glands, from larynx and pharynx muscles for swallowing and speaking)

Answer 22

IX Glossophatyngeal nerve (GP):

Conveys info from tongue and throat to brainstem nuclei (from tastebuds, from several glands, from larynx and pharynx muscles for swallowing and speaking)

some to inferior salivary nucleus, solitary nucleus and nucleus ambiguous, pain maybe from trigeminals.

Question 23

________________ - intense pain that starts in posterior tongue and upper throat and radiate to ear, sometimes just from swallowing.

Answer 23

Glossophatyngeal neuralgia - intense pain that starts in posterior tongue and upper throat and radiate to ear, sometimes just from swallowing or taling.

Question 24

_____________ : The major parasympathetic nerve and mostly widely distributed (wandering - vagabond), fibers run through visceral and abdominal cavities arising from the ___________ of the vagus and ____________ , among many others.

Answer 24

X Vagus Nerve

The major parasympathetic nerve and mostly widely distributed (wandering - vagabond), fibers run through visceral and abdominal cavities arising from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and nucleus ambiguous , among many others.

Question 25

___________ Nerve runs to heart, neck, throat.

Answer 25

Vagus Nerve runs to heart, neck, throat.

Question 26

____________ nerve responsible for visceral feelings of “nerves” “butterflies”- grossed out and other gut feelings and Gag reflex.

Answer 26

Vagus nerve responsible for visceral feelings of “nerves” “butterflies” grossed tout and other gut feelings and Gag reflex.

Question 27

____________ - Innervates neck and shoulder muscles (allows us to shrug)

Answer 27

Accessory Nerve - Innervates neck and shoulder muscles (allows us to shrug)

Question 28

Brainstem Damage: ______ in head, ________ in body.

Answer 28

Brainstem Damage: ipsilateral in head, contralateral in body.

Question 29

______________ - lateral medullary damage wold result in loss of pain and temp senation, in contralateral body but loss of pain and temp sensation in ipslateral face, hoarseness and difficulty swallowing

Answer 29

Wallenberge’s syndrome:

lateral medullary damage wold result in loss of pain and temp senation, in contralateral body but loss of pain and temp sensation in ipslateral face, hoarseness and difficulty swallowing

Question 30

_____________ - Damage to one sided cerebral peduncle ( usually from Posterior Cerebral Artery stroke) affects one sided oculomotor nerve so ipsilateral ptosis (B) pupillary dilation and lateral strabismus (C,D) but contralateral body paralysis.

Answer 30

Weber’s syndrome:

Damage to one sided cerebral peduncle ( usually from Posterior Cerebral Artery stroke) affects one sided oculomotor nerve so ipsilateral ptosis (B) pupillary dilation and lateral strabismus (C,D) but contralateral body paralysis.