Ch6 Blood Supply

Question 1

Brain uses __% of blood and __% of oxygen

Answer 1

Brain uses ~20% of blood and ~25% of oxygen

Question 2

What happen if blood supply stopped for 10 secs, 20 secs, few minutes ?

Answer 2

10 seconds without blood/oxygen (called ischemia) = loss of consciousness
20 seconds without = electrical activity stops
Few minutes = irreversible brain damage and eventual death.

Question 3

Blood vessels are denser in (Gray? White?) matter

Answer 3

Denser in gray than in white matter

Question 4

Arterial supply of brain and much of spinal cord derived from two pairs of vessels: ________ (orientation ?) and _______ (orientation?)

Answer 4

Corotid arteries (anterior - front of neck) and Vertebral arteries (posterior - back of neck)

Question 5

Internal Cortoid arteries provide about ___% supplying _______ and _______

While the verterbral system provide ____% and supply ________ and _______.

Answer 5

80% / telencephalon and diencephalon

20% / the brainstem and cerebellum

Question 6

internal cortoid arteries fuses to _________ (goes to ______) and _________ (goes to _________)

Answer 6

Anterior Cerebral Arteries (goes medial into longitudinal fissure on the midline) and Middle cerebral arteries (goes lateral into lateral fissure)

Question 7

the verterbral artiries join at _________ (which supply __________)

Answer 7

Basilar artery (which supply brain stem and cerebellum, occipital and temporal lobes)

Question 8

anterior cerebral arteries goes to ______ and supply __________

Answer 8

goes medial into longtidunal fissure on midline and supply medial frontal and parietal lobes

Question 9

Medial cerebral arteries goes to _______ and supply ___________

Answer 9

goes lateral into lateral fissure and supply lateral frontal and parietal lobes

Question 10

Middle cerebral arteries fuses to ___________ (which supply ______ ) and __________ (which supply _____)

Answer 10

Perforating arteries (which supply deep subcortical structures) and lenticulostriate arteries (which supply BG and Thalamus)

Question 11

Territories

Anterior cerebral = (medial?/lateral?) wall of ____ and ____

Middle cerebral = (medial?/lateral?) surface of ____ and ___

Posterior cerebral = (medial?/lateral?) and (medial?/lateral?) of ____ and ____

Answer 11

Territories

Anterior cerebral = medial wall of frontal and parietal

Middle cerebral = lateral surface of frontal and parietal

Posterior cerebral = medial and lateral temporal and
occipital

Question 12

__________ is brain region where arteries plunge into deep areas to perfuse BG, Thalamus, choroid plexus.

Answer 12

Perforated substance

Question 13

Circle of Willis is example of ________ and it is important becuse it provides ___________

Answer 13

anastomoses = connections among blood vessels

provide redundancy = can regulate to compensate for blockage elsewhere.

Question 14

what happen if each of terretories damaged ?

Answer 14

• Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) - b/c some of pre-central and post-central gyro are in this territory, restricted contralateral somatosensory and motor deficits (usually to the leg - look at homunculus to see why)
• Middle cerebral artery (MCA) = major contralateral somatosensory and motor deficits (again see homunculus) most of pre and post central gyrus is irrigated by MCA
• Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) = because the visual cortex in this territory , strike leads to visual problem.

Question 15

Most common cause of neurological deficits: _____ and ______

Answer 15

Most common cause of neurological deficits: cerebrovascular disease (CVD ) and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA)

Question 16

_______________: damage from excessive excitatory firing and inflammatory response. it has two types: _______ and _______

Answer 16

Ischemic stroke from blockage. Primary immediate damage (“core”) and secondary progressive damage (“penumbra”) from excessive excitatory firing and inflammatory response.

TIAs (transient ischemic attach) more mild, Lacunes are small lesions from stroke. Infarct is the necrotic tissue from the stroke

Question 17

_____________stroke from repute of arteries (often lenticulostricatal) seen with uncontrolled hypertension.

Answer 17

Hemorrhagic stroke from repute of arteries (often lenticulostricatal) seen with uncontrolled hypertension.

Question 18

________ is balloon-like serving of artery wall, can compress nearby brain tissue. If burst then have haemorrhage.

Answer 18

Aneurysm is balloon-like serving of artery wall, can compress nearby brain tissue. If burst then have haemorrhage.

Question 19

___________ is congenital condition where arteries and veins connect together (no capillaries) and can cause neurological problems if grow and make one part insufficient or if burst.

Answer 19

AVM (Arterovenious malformation) is congenital condition where arteries and veins connect together (no capillaries) and can cause neurological problems if grow and make one part insufficient or if burst.

Question 20

__________ are zones between the territories of two major arteries of the brain. where it has decreased blood flow

Answer 20

Border zones or Watershed Areas

Question 21

_____________ are more vulnerable to blood clots and strokes.

Answer 21

Watershed area (2 types: cortical and internal) are more vulnerable to blood clots and strokes.

Question 22

______________ Actually a system of barrier to help control the extracellular fluid from the body from mingling too freely with extracellular fluid in the brain.

Answer 22

Blood brain barrier

Question 23

__________ is whereas arteries perfuse the brain, veins drain the deoxygenated blood out of the brain, from sinuses to jugular (via many other veins)

Answer 23

Venous system

Question 24

SPECT (single photon emission computed temography) ______ resolution

PET (positron emission tomograohy) _______ resolution

fMRI (functional MRI) _____ resolution

Answer 24

SPECT 10mm resolution, PET 5 mm resolution, fMRI 2.5 mm resolution

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

Answer 27