Texto sobre a noruega

Question 1

Curse of Oil

Answer 1

Maldição do petróleo

• The curse of oil has fallen on Nigeria and we have become a threat to ourselves especially in the Niger Delta (cnn)
• Iraq’s future will depend on its success overcoming “the curse of oil.” (cnn)
• Graham Baxter at BP says “the curse of oil is a problem that BPrecognises, and we have a part to play in helping our hosts deal with this wall of dollar-denominated cash coming into their fragile economies.” (the economist)

Question 2

Hugged (by)

Answer 2

Cercada; rodeada por

• Hugged by hiking trails and redwood groves, this iconic Big Sur lodge on the shores of the Big Sur River is fit for romance. (cnn)
• Hugged by mountains and perched on a stunning coastline of fjords (bbc)

Question 3

Perched (on)

Answer 3

Encarapitado, construído sobre um plano elevado (no alto de algum lugar)

• …you’ll find beautiful Georgian houses, religious halls and other grand buildings and, in the distance, perched on hills at the edge of the centre, two cathedrals, both dedicated to St Patrick… (FT)
• …you’ll find beautiful Georgian houses, religious halls and other grand buildings and, in the distance, perched on hills at the edge of the centre, two cathedrals, both dedicated to St Patrick (cnn)
• Hugged by mountains and perched on a stunning coastline of fjords (bbc)

Question 4

Tinted windows

Answer 4

Vidro fumê

• There are no supercars with tinted windows (bbc)
• If you’re buying a new car, consider one with tinted windows, which keep out almost four times more UVA light than regular ones. (cnn)

Question 5

Exclusive nightclubs

Answer 5

Boates badaladas

• The pair is often seen on the town in London, going to exclusive nightclubs. (cnn)
• … no queues of people outside exclusive nightclubs. (bbc)

Question 6

To stike oil

Answer 6

Descobrir petróleo

• For while other countries have struck oil (bbc)
• Kenya has finally struck oil after decades of exploration, the country’s president announced Monday.

Question 7

To binge on

Answer 7

Cair na farra, bebedeira e no contexto de finanças disperdiçar recursos indiscriminadamente

• It marks the latest government effort to bail out banks that binged on risky mortgage-backed securities. (FT)
• For while other countries have struck oil and then binged on the revenues (bbc)

Question 8

sovereign wealth fund

Answer 8

Fundo soberano

Question 9

Pitfalls

Answer 9

Armadilha / engodo

• Economics, explaining why the country has apparently avoided the pitfalls of vast wealth. (bbc)
• Pitfalls To Business Failure (FT)

Question 10

Vast wealth

Answer 10

Riqueza abundante/exuberante

• Economics, explaining why the country has apparently avoided the pitfalls of vast wealth. (bbc)
• Any acknowledgment of the illegitimacy of the vast wealth that has been accumulated by a tiny layer of the population is, from their standpoint, dangerous. (FT)

Question 11

Straight away

Answer 11

Retorno rápido/imediato

• In other countries the oil is much easier to extract, so they got the money straight away. (bbc)
• I didn’t think I had anything to prove and didn’t need to raise money straight away (FT)

Question 12

Mindset

Answer 12

Mentalidade / pensamento

• We were put in the right mindset by knowing it was a long-term plan. (bbc)
• To survive, the eurozone must embrace an “all for one, one for all” mindset (FT)

Question 13

Bonanza

Answer 13

Abundância / banança de algo

• So, no spending bonanza for Norway. (bbc)
• The North American hydrocarbon bonanza offers big benefits, but also some pitfalls (the economist)

Question 14

Surplus

Answer 14

Superávit / excedente

• In fact there is a closely followed guideline that only 4% of the surplus from the fund is spent or invested in public projects. (bbc)
• CHINA’S current-account surplus is seen by some as the root cause of the financial crisis. (The economist)

Question 15

To shrug off

Answer 15

(ato de dar de ombros para mostrar que não se importa com algo) por extensão, não dar importância a alguma coisa; ignorar

• There are several reasons, he says, why Norway is happy to save its wealth and shrug off the temptations of a luxury life. (bbc)
• The economy cannot shrug off Thailand’s political problems (the economist)

Question 16

Egalitarian

Answer 16

Igualitária (no sentido social e econômico)

• As a result of social democracy and egalitarian policies it is a homogenous society and has built up an enormous level of trust. (bbc)
• Private education is becoming more egalitarian (the economist)

Question 17

Tax money ou ainda pode ser Sth-tax money

Answer 17

Dinheiro dos impostos/tributos

• We believe our tax money will be spent wisely. (bbc)
• If you give the carbon-tax money back by cutting income taxes, you can probably offset a lot of the pain. (the economist)

Question 18

To tail off (away)

Answer 18

Esgotar; acabar; perder força (gradualmente: fading)

• But this oil boom is tailing off. (bbc)
• Asia enjoyed such a “demographic dividend”, which began three decades ago and is now tailing off. (the economist)

Question 19

Over the next/past few years

Answer 19

Nos próximos anos / nos anos anteriores

• Norway’s economy is in a very fortunate situation. We are talking about a gradual shift over the next few years,” (bbc)

Question 20

Sip

Answer 20

Tomar (pequenos goles)

• In cafe overlooking Bergen’s fish market, while sipping a cappuccino costing almost $10, (bbc)
• Scholars sipping a glass of red in the posh rooftop bar of Oxford’s Saïd Business School could be forgiven for thinking they had wandered into the nearby Randolph Hotel by mistake. (the economist)

Question 21

Cabins

Answer 21

Casebre (feita de Madeira ou troncos)

• We tend to have summer and winter holiday houses or cabins, and we can afford life here (bbc)

Question 22

Uninitiated visitor

Answer 22

Turista desavisado / novato

• This is surprising to the uninitiated visitor (bbc)

Question 23

Rig

Answer 23

Plataforma (de petróleo)

• There’s a rig, fire engine red and vast, sitting in the harbour being checked over. (bbc)

Question 24

Sit in (a place)

Answer 24

Situada no / localizada /

• There’s a rig, fire engine red and vast, sitting in the harbour being checked over. (bbc)

Question 25

Fire engine red

Answer 25

Cor vermelho fogo

• There’s a rig, fire engine red and vast, sitting in the harbour being checked over. (bbc)

Question 26

Fish farmer

Answer 26

Piscicultor (criador de peixe)

• I remember the days when there were plenty of farmers and fish farmers in Norway. (bbc)

Question 27

Utilise

Answer 27

**Adequar **

• Our challenge will be to utilise our expertise and use it in other areas.” (bbc)
• Join The Economist, industry experts and other senior executives to gain new insights into how organisations can better utilise new technologies to spur productivity, increase innovation and minimise risk. (the economist)

Question 28

To echo

Answer 28

Reforçar, fazer coro, (sobre uma ideia)

• It’s a point of view echoed by Dag Rune Olsen, rector of Bergen University (bbc)

Question 29

Rector

Answer 29

reitor

• It’s a point of view echoed by Dag Rune Olsen, rector of Bergen University (bbc)

Question 30

Year by year

Answer 30

Ano a/após ano

• We are very well aware that the oil and gas resources are limited, and at least for Norwegian oil it will cost us more year by year to extract the oil.

Question 31

Second-hand

Answer 31

usado

• Perhaps this awareness that it won’t last forever goes some way to explain the second-hand Volvos circling Bergen’s winding streets, rather than the Porsches or Bentleys of wealthy parts of London.

Question 32

winding

Answer 32

sinuosa (estrada / pista)

• Perhaps this awareness that it won’t last forever goes some way to explain the second-hand Volvos circling Bergen’s winding streets, rather than the Porsches or Bentleys of wealthy parts of London.

Question 33

Rather than (instead of)

Answer 33

Ao invés de, no lugar de

• Perhaps this awareness that it won’t last forever goes some way to explain the second-hand Volvos circling Bergen’s winding streets, rather than the Porsches or Bentleys of wealthy parts of London.

Question 34

Inkling of concern

Answer 34

Sombra de dúvida / dúvida sombria

• While there is an inkling of concern for what will become of Bergen, and Norway, when the oil runs out - most Norwegians remain confident about their prospects

Question 35

What will become of

Answer 35

O que será de (algo ou alguém)

• While there is an inkling of concern for what will become of Bergen, and Norway, when the oil runs out - most Norwegians remain confident about their prospects
• What will become of Barack Obama’s health reforms? (the economist)

Question 36

Prospects

Answer 36

Expectativas, perspectivas

• While there is an inkling of concern for what will become of Bergen, and Norway, when the oil runs out - most Norwegians remain confident about their **prospects. **(bbc)

Question 37

ler o texto

Answer 37

How Norway has avoided the ‘curse of oil’

By Sarah TreanorBusiness reporter, BBC News, Bergen

Hugged by mountains and perched on a stunning coastline of fjords, Bergen, Norway’s second-largest city, has picture-postcard views.

As one of the centres of Norway’s booming oil and gas industries, it is also a very wealthy place.

Yet there are few displays of ostentatious spending - there are no supercars with tinted windows, no designer handbag shops, and no queues of people outside exclusive nightclubs.

For while other countries have struck oil and then binged on the revenues, by contrast Norway is continuing to invest its oil and gas money in a giant sovereign wealth fund.

“Start Quote

The fund, worth about $800bn (£483bn), owns 1% of the entire world’s stocks, and is big enough to make every citizen a millionaire in the country’s currency, the kroner. In effect, it is a giant savings account.

And most Norwegians are seemingly very content with this - according to a 2012 study by New York’s Columbia University Norway is one of the world’s happiest countries.

“We had to invest a lot of money before we could spend anything,” says Prof Alexander Cappelen, from the NHH Norwegian School of Economics, explaining why the country has apparently avoided the pitfalls of vast wealth.

“In other countries the oil is much easier to extract, so they got the money straight away.

“We were put in the right mindset by knowing it was a long-term plan,” he told BBC World Service’s Business Daily programme.

–

Trusting the government

So, no spending bonanza for Norway. In fact there is a closely followed guideline that only 4% of the surplus from the fund is spent or invested in public projects.

“Actually we are spending less than 4% currently - we are saving,” says Prof Cappelen.

There are several reasons, he says, why Norway is happy to save its wealth and shrug off the temptations of a luxury life.

“For this kind of system to work, you need to have an enormous level of trust,” says Prof Cappelen. “Trust that the money isn’t going to be mismanaged - that it’s not going to be spent in a way you don’t like.

“As a result of social democracy and egalitarian policies it is a homogenous society and has built up an enormous level of trust.

“We trust the government. We believe our tax money will be spent wisely. once you start trusting that others are contributing their share then you are happy to contribute yours.”

So is Norway rich because of Norwegians high level of trust, or are its citizens trusting because they are rich?

“I think it is both,” says Prof Cappelen. “High levels of trust make economic growth easier.”

But this oil boom is tailing off. So what’s next?

“Norway’s economy is in a very fortunate situation. We are talking about a gradual shift over the next few years,” says Norway’s Finance Minister, Siv Jensen.

“We have had a slower growth in productivity over the past few years, and for this government we have to look at a competitive tax level and reducing red tape to attract investment.

“But it is true we have a higher cost level than any comparable country.”

Those costs can be quite shocking for a visitor. In cafe overlooking Bergen’s fish market, while sipping a cappuccino costing almost $10, Tone Hartvedt from Business Region Bergen explains that costs are simply comparable to wages.

“It may sound surprising, but for us it is not too expensive,” says Ms Hartvedt. “We tend to have summer and winter holiday houses or cabins, and we can afford life here. It is comfortable.”

This is surprising to the uninitiated visitor - after a trip to the local supermarket revealed that the cheapest pasta, bread, cheese and chopped tomatoes would come to around $50.

But, says Ms Hartvedt: “We pay our workers a wage that means they have a good quality of life. That is not so much the case in places like London.

“Here we respect hard work, but we don’t believe that the highest paid worker in a company should earn vastly more than the lowest paid.

“This does mean that some very talented people leave for other countries where they will be paid more.”

So, do people in Norway regard themselves as rich? “No, we don’t think of things like that, it’s for the future,” she says.

Economic challenges

On an island half an hour from Bergen, is Coast Center Base (CCB), a huge support centre for the oil and gas industry. There’s a rig, fire engine red and vast, sitting in the harbour being checked over.

“I remember the days when there were plenty of farmers and fish farmers in Norway. Life has changed for the average Norwegian,” says CCB’s chief executive, Kurt Andreassen.

“This base was started up in 1974, and there has been a tremendous change in those decades. The welfare is now very high. It is quite different to 40 years ago, many people are educated - things have changed.”

As for when the oil does eventually run out, “Norway will survive, but it will be a challenge for all of us,” he says.

“Our challenge will be to utilise our expertise and use it in other areas.”

It’s a point of view echoed by Dag Rune Olsen, rector of Bergen University: “I worry we do not invest to a sufficient extent in other ways to generate income in the next decades.

“We are very well aware that the oil and gas resources are limited, and at least for Norwegian oil it will cost us more year by year to extract the oil,” he says.

“It is evident we need to find other sources of income, and now we have the ability to invest - it is crucial that we do.”

‘We will get jobs’

Perhaps this awareness that it won’t last forever goes some way to explain the second-hand Volvos circling Bergen’s winding streets, rather than the Porsches or Bentleys of wealthy parts of London.

Prudence and pragmatism rather than posing seems to be the attitude.

While there is an inkling of concern for what will become of Bergen, and Norway, when the oil runs out - most Norwegians remain confident about their prospects.

“We are in Norway, we are not worried about these things,” reply students at the NHH Norwegian School of Economics, slightly uncomfortably, when asked if they are concerned about jobs.

“We will work hard and we will get jobs.”