Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio 220 > textbook vocab > Flashcards

textbook vocab Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ecology

A

the study of interactions between organisms and their physical and living environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

proximate factors

A

direct cause of a biological process/phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ultimate factors

A

the deeper cause of a phenomenon that explains when it occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

organismal level

A

level in their hierarchy of biology pertaining to the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

population ecology

A

study of the interactions between a group of individuals of a given species and their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ecological community

A

a group of coexisting species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ecosystem

A

all the biotic and abiotic components of a community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

biosphere/ecosphere

A

all ecosystems on Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

biotic

A

biological factors (predation or competition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

abiotic

A

physical factors (temperature or pH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

environmental science

A

the study of humans’ impact on the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

adaptation

A

a trait or characteristic that increases an individual’s fitness in a specific environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

evolutionary fitness

A

an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce as determined by its characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

selection pressure

A

biotic and abiotic environmental factors that determine fitness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

homeostasis

A

regulatory mechanisms that help an organism stay within a given set of biological parameters/limits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

who can have fitness?

A

only individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

predictions

A

a result or observation that we can expect if the hypothesis is true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

falsifiable

A

trait of a good hypothesis that allows for data/observation to prove it is incorrect

19
Q

adaptations are ___ created

A

evolutionarily

20
Q

what did Darwin establish?

A

natural selection as a mechanism for evolution via adaptation to promote evolutionary fitness

21
Q

natural selection occurs to ___

A

populations! (NOT INDIVIDUALS)

22
Q

p =

A

dominant allele

23
Q

q =

A

recessive allele

24
Q

evolution

A

changes in allele frequency

25
Q

HW equilibrium (math)

A

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1.0

26
Q

when is HW equilibrium applicable?

A

when no mutations or gene flow occur, when the population is infinitely large, and when there are no advantageous genotypes

27
Q

genetic drift

A

random change in allele frequency

28
Q

gene flow

A

net movement of alleles because of individuals’ movement

29
Q

s

A

selection coefficient, proportion of a specific genotype not represented in the next generation

30
Q

directional stability

A

favoring one side of the phenotypic bell curve

31
Q

stabilizing selection

A

intermediate trait is favored in phenotypic bell curve

32
Q

evolutionary trade-offs

A

when a given characteristic has fitness advantages, but also costs

33
Q

disruptive selection

A

favoring of outer tails of phenotypic bell curve, against intermediate traits

34
Q

why is genetic drift not darwinian?

A

occurs by chance, not because of natural selection

35
Q

chronic genetic drift can lead to …

A

allele loss and fixedness

36
Q

gene flow can do what to natural selection?

A

promote or slow the process and incoming/outgoing individuals alter allele frequencies

37
Q

phenotypic plasticity

A

ability of organisms to present different phenotypes in different environments

38
Q

heritability

A

cause of phenotypic variation because of genetic differences between individuals

39
Q

rate of evolution is determined by …

A

changes in character over time

40
Q

strong selective pressures can lead to ___ and eventually ___

A

more distinct local changes in species and an ecotype

41
Q

ecotype

A

genetically distinct population that has adapted to a local environment

42
Q

red queen hypothesis

A

theory that an organism’s environment is constantly changing faster than it can adapt via natural selection

43
Q

limits of natural selection

A

physical and chemical limitations (like size)

44
Q

evolutionary landscape

A

3D model of fitness and particular genotypes that identify best genotypes for evolutionary fitness by tallest peaks

bio 220 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions