Textbook Chapter 2 pt. 1

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

a set of learned behaviors and ideas that humans acquire as members of society

Question 2

Culture is used by humans to _____ to and ________ the world in which they live.

Answer 2

adapt

transform

Question 3

The process of culturally and socially is shaped by ___________ and ___________.

Answer 3

socialization

enculturation

Question 4

Is this socialization or enculturation: the process by which human beings as material organisms, living together with similar organisms, cope with the behavioral rules established by their respective societies?

Answer 4

socialization

Question 5

Is this socialization or enculturation: the process by which human beings living with one another must learn to come to terms with the ways of thinking and feeling that are considered appropriate in their respective cultures?

Answer 5

enculturation

Question 6

____________/____________ produces a socially and culturally constructed self capable of functioning successfully in society is shared as well as learned.

Answer 6

Socialization

enculturation

Question 7

Socialization/enculturation produces a socially and culturally constructed self capable of functioning successfully in society is _______ as well as learned.

Answer 7

shared

Question 8

Socialization/enculturation produces a socially and culturally constructed self capable of functioning successfully in society is shared as well as _______.

Answer 8

learned

Question 9

Socialization/enculturation produces a _______ and ________ constructed self capable of functioning successfully in society is shared as well as learned.

Answer 9

socially

culturally

Question 10

______ ________ was a french anthropologist who called socialization/enculturation learning habitus, and it is highly influenced by our interactions with material culture.

Answer 10

Pierre Bourdieu

Question 11

Pierre Bourdieu was a ______ anthropologist who called socialization/enculturation learning habitus, and it is highly influenced by our interactions with material culture.

Answer 11

french

Question 12

Pierre Bourdieu was a french anthropologist who called ___________/____________ learning habitus, and it is highly influenced by our interactions with material culture.

Answer 12

socialization/enculturation

Question 13

Pierre Bourdieu was a french anthropologist who called socialization/enculturation learning _______, and it is highly influenced by our interactions with _______ culture.

Answer 13

habitus

material

Question 14

Human cultures can be _________, adaptive, and symbolic.

Answer 14

patterned

Question 15

How has North America’s view on individualism, specifically child rearing, shown how culture can be patterned?

Answer 15

Babies sleep alone, and are expected to be independent at 18yrs old.

Question 16

How has North America’s view on individualism, specifically economic practices, shown how culture can be patterned?

Answer 16

(1) individuals are urged not to count on other people or institutions
(2) many prefer to work at their own business
(3) most people commute to work by themselves

Question 17

How has North America’s view on individualism, specifically religious practices , shown how culture can be patterned?

Answer 17

christianity emphasizes personal salvation and accountability

Question 18

People have always borrowed cultural elements from their _________

Answer 18

neighbors

Question 19

Many refuse to be limited by _____ cultural practices.

Answer 19

past

Question 20

Human cultures can be patterned, ________, and symbolic.

Answer 20

adaptive

Question 21

Human cultures can be patterned, adaptive, and ________.

Answer 21

symbolic

Question 22

What is a symbol?

Answer 22

something that stands for something else

Question 23

Apes apparently possess a rudimentary capacity for ________ _______, or symbolic representation.

Answer 23

symbolic coding

Question 24

Apes apparently possess a rudimentary capacity for symbolic coding, or _______ ___________.

Answer 24

symbolic representation

Question 25

Our ancestors first developed a capacity for ________ _________ ____________, including the ability to communicate freely about the past, the future, and the invisible

Answer 25

complex symbolic representations

Question 26

Society has used its _______ _______ abilities to create institutions, complex, variable and enduring forms of cultural practice that organize social life.

Answer 26

complex symbolic

Question 27

Society has used its complex symbolic abilities to create _________, complex, variable and enduring forms of cultural practice that organize social life.

Answer 27

institutions

Question 28

Culture and the human brain _________, each furnishing key features of the environment to which the other needed to adapt

Answer 28

coevolved

Question 29

Culture is also part of our _________ heritage.

Answer 29

biological

Question 30

Opinion in Western societies often polarizes when it comes to human agency. What are the two opinions?

Answer 30

(1) we have free will and may do just as we please

(2) our behavior is completely determined by forces beyond our control