Textbook Chapter 1 pt. 2 Flashcards
Traditionally North America anthropology has been divided into what four subfields?
(1) Biological Anthropology
(2) Cultural Anthropology
(3) Linguistic Anthropology
(4) Archaeology
Biological Anthropology is also known as _______ anthropology.
physical
________ anthropology originally focused on race, social groupings that allegedly reflect biological differences.
Biological
Biological anthropology originally focused on _____, social groupings that allegedly reflect biological differences.
race
European scientists originally applied race to only the people of _______.
Europe
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) created 4 races (_________, ________, ______, and ______) based on skin color.
American
European
Asian
Negro
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) created __ races (American, European, Asian, and Negro) based on ____ ______.
4
skin color
_______ ________ (1707-1778) created 4 races (American, European, Asian, and Negro) based on skin color.
Carolus Linnaeus
Race evolved to being determined by _____ _____.
brain size
Race evolved to being determined by brain size:
findings like these were used to justify the social practice of _______
racism
______-the systematic oppression of one or more socially defined “races” by another socially defined “race” that is justified in terms of the supposed inherent biological superiority
racism
Who was known as the “father of physical anthropology”?
Johann Blumenbach (1752-1840)
_______ __________ (1752-1840) identified 5 different races (Caucasoid, Mongoloid, American, Ethiopian, and Malayan).
Johann Blumenbach
Johann Blumenbach (1752-1840) identified what 5 different races?
(1) Caucasoid
(2) Mongoloid
(3) American
(4) Ethiopian
(5) Malayan
Franz Boas founded the 1st department of __________ in the U.S., at ________ University.
anthropology
Columbia
______ ______ founded the 1st department of anthropology in the U.S., at Columbia University.
Franz Boas
Which type of anthropology is this: the speciality of anthropology that looks at human beings as biological organisms and tries to discover what characteristics make them different from other organisms and what characteristics they share?
biological anthropology
Some anthropologists work in the fields of _________, ___________, and ______ _______ biology.
primatology
paleoanthropology
human skeletal
What is the difference between primatology and paleoanthropology?
primatology- the study of nonhuman primates, the closest living relatives of human beings
paleoanthropology- the search for fossilized remains of humanity’s earliest ancestors
________ anthropologists clearly share many methods and theories used in natural science (biology, ecology, chemistry, and geology).
Biological
Biological anthropologists clearly share many methods and theories used in natural science.
What is natural science?
biology
ecology
chemistry
geology
_______ Anthropology is also called sociocultural anthropology.
Cultural
_______ Anthropology is also called social anthropology.
Cultural
_______ Anthropology is also called ethnology.
Cultural
Cultural Anthropology is also called __________ anthropology.
sociocultural
Cultural Anthropology is also called ______ anthropology.
social
Cultural Anthropology is also called _________.
ethnology
Which type of anthropology is this: the speciality of anthropology that shows how variation in the beliefs and behaviors of members of different human groups is shaped by sets of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society?
cultural anthropology
What is the difference between between biological sex and gender roles?
sex- observable physical characteristics that distinguish two kinds of humans, females and males, needed for biological reproduction
gender- the cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sex
________ and ___________ developed during the same period and share similar interests in social organization.
Sociology
Anthropology
Anthropologists reject labels like ________ and _______.
civilized
primitive
The study of _______ has become highly developed in the field of cultural anthropology
kinship
_______- links people to one another on the basis of birth, marriage, and nurturance
kinship
_______ anthropologists conduct research called fieldwork.
Cultural
Cultural anthropologists conduct research called ________.
fieldwork
________- an extended period of close involvement with the people in whose language or way of life anthropologists are interested, during which anthropologists ordinarily collect most of their data
fieldwork
Fieldwork is also called _________ ____________.
participant observation
________ work with anthropologists and give them insights on their culture.
Informants
Informants are also called what?
respondents, teachers, or friends
Anthropologists write about there findings in ____________.
ethnographies
What is the different between ethnographies and ethnologies?
ethnographies- are anthropologist’s written or filmed description of a particular culture
Ethnology- the comparative study of two or more cultures
