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Anthropology 101 > Textbook Chapter 1 pt. 2 > Flashcards

Textbook Chapter 1 pt. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Traditionally North America anthropology has been divided into what four subfields?

A

(1) Biological Anthropology
(2) Cultural Anthropology
(3) Linguistic Anthropology
(4) Archaeology

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2
Q

Biological Anthropology is also known as _______ anthropology.

A

physical

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3
Q

________ anthropology originally focused on race, social groupings that allegedly reflect biological differences.

A

Biological

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4
Q

Biological anthropology originally focused on _____, social groupings that allegedly reflect biological differences.

A

race

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5
Q

European scientists originally applied race to only the people of _______.

A

Europe

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6
Q

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) created 4 races (_________, ________, ______, and ______) based on skin color.

A

American
European
Asian
Negro

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7
Q

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) created __ races (American, European, Asian, and Negro) based on ____ ______.

A

4

skin color

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8
Q

_______ ________ (1707-1778) created 4 races (American, European, Asian, and Negro) based on skin color.

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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9
Q

Race evolved to being determined by _____ _____.

A

brain size

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10
Q

Race evolved to being determined by brain size:

findings like these were used to justify the social practice of _______

A

racism

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11
Q

______-the systematic oppression of one or more socially defined “races” by another socially defined “race” that is justified in terms of the supposed inherent biological superiority

A

racism

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12
Q

Who was known as the “father of physical anthropology”?

A

Johann Blumenbach (1752-1840)

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13
Q

_______ __________ (1752-1840) identified 5 different races (Caucasoid, Mongoloid, American, Ethiopian, and Malayan).

A

Johann Blumenbach

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14
Q

Johann Blumenbach (1752-1840) identified what 5 different races?

A

(1) Caucasoid
(2) Mongoloid
(3) American
(4) Ethiopian
(5) Malayan

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15
Q

Franz Boas founded the 1st department of __________ in the U.S., at ________ University.

A

anthropology

Columbia

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16
Q

______ ______ founded the 1st department of anthropology in the U.S., at Columbia University.

A

Franz Boas

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17
Q

Which type of anthropology is this: the speciality of anthropology that looks at human beings as biological organisms and tries to discover what characteristics make them different from other organisms and what characteristics they share?

A

biological anthropology

18
Q

Some anthropologists work in the fields of _________, ___________, and ______ _______ biology.

A

primatology
paleoanthropology
human skeletal

19
Q

What is the difference between primatology and paleoanthropology?

A

primatology- the study of nonhuman primates, the closest living relatives of human beings

paleoanthropology- the search for fossilized remains of humanity’s earliest ancestors

20
Q

________ anthropologists clearly share many methods and theories used in natural science (biology, ecology, chemistry, and geology).

A

Biological

21
Q

Biological anthropologists clearly share many methods and theories used in natural science.
What is natural science?

A

biology
ecology
chemistry
geology

22
Q

_______ Anthropology is also called sociocultural anthropology.

A

Cultural

23
Q

_______ Anthropology is also called social anthropology.

A

Cultural

24
Q

_______ Anthropology is also called ethnology.

A

Cultural

25
Q

Cultural Anthropology is also called __________ anthropology.

A

sociocultural

26
Q

Cultural Anthropology is also called ______ anthropology.

A

social

27
Q

Cultural Anthropology is also called _________.

A

ethnology

28
Q

Which type of anthropology is this: the speciality of anthropology that shows how variation in the beliefs and behaviors of members of different human groups is shaped by sets of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society?

A

cultural anthropology

29
Q

What is the difference between between biological sex and gender roles?

A

sex- observable physical characteristics that distinguish two kinds of humans, females and males, needed for biological reproduction

gender- the cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sex

30
Q

________ and ___________ developed during the same period and share similar interests in social organization.

A

Sociology

Anthropology

31
Q

Anthropologists reject labels like ________ and _______.

A

civilized

primitive

32
Q

The study of _______ has become highly developed in the field of cultural anthropology

A

kinship

33
Q

_______- links people to one another on the basis of birth, marriage, and nurturance

A

kinship

34
Q

_______ anthropologists conduct research called fieldwork.

A

Cultural

35
Q

Cultural anthropologists conduct research called ________.

A

fieldwork

36
Q

________- an extended period of close involvement with the people in whose language or way of life anthropologists are interested, during which anthropologists ordinarily collect most of their data

A

fieldwork

37
Q

Fieldwork is also called _________ ____________.

A

participant observation

38
Q

________ work with anthropologists and give them insights on their culture.

A

Informants

39
Q

Informants are also called what?

A

respondents, teachers, or friends

40
Q

Anthropologists write about there findings in ____________.

A

ethnographies

41
Q

What is the different between ethnographies and ethnologies?

A

ethnographies- are anthropologist’s written or filmed description of a particular culture

Ethnology- the comparative study of two or more cultures

Anthropology 101 (13 decks)

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