Exam #2 study guide pt. 2 Flashcards
_______ _________ was a Swedish, botanist and zoologist.
Carolus Linneaus
Carolus Linneaus was a _________, botanist and zoologist.
Swedish
Carolus Linneaus was a Swedish, ________ and _________.
botanist
zoologist
Carolus Linneaus invented “_______ ___________”
“binomial nomenclature”
Who was the first to classify human “races”?
Carolus Linneaus
How did Carolus Linneaus categorize race?
(1) Homo sapiens europaeus
(2) Homo sapiens americanus
(3) Homo sapiens asiaticus
(4) Homo sapiens africanus
Blumenbach was a _______ physician and “naturalist”
German
Blumenbach was a German _________ and “_________”
physician
“naturalist”
__________ was a German physician and “naturalist”
Blumenbach
Blumenbach used measurements of ______ to create and justify 5 races
crania
What are the 5 races created and justified by Blumenbach?
(1) Caucasian
(2) Mongolian
(3) Malayan
(4) Ethiopian
(5) American
What is Lewontin known for?
- an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, academic and social commentator.
- A leader in developing the mathematical basis of population genetics and evolutionary theory, he pioneered the application of techniques from molecular biology, such as gel electrophoresis, to questions of genetic variation and evolution
What is “population structure”?
Lumpy mashed potatoes!
What isn’t population structure?
Panmixia: each person has exactly the same probability of mating with any other person (of reproductive age) in the population
How do you get population structure?
(1) Assortative Mating
(2) Natural Selection
(3) Genetic Drift
(4) Uneven Gene Flow
__________- a group of people living in a geographic region
population
___________- a group of people who could potentially mate with one another
population
True or False: population is strictly defined
False; It’s ARBITRARILY DEFINED
_________ ________ is when some individuals are more likely to mate with one another than with other individuals
Assortive mating
What are some examples of assortative mating?
Marrying someone of your own religion
Marrying someone who lives in your neighborhood
Marrying someone who speaks your language
________ _________, for our purposes, is when a particular trait is beneficial in a particular environment, and spreads throughout the population because of that
Natural selection
Genetic drift includes _______ fluctuations in _______ frequencies
random
allele
________ _____ includes random fluctuations in allele frequencies
Genetic drift
What are some examples of genetic drift?
You didn’t get grandma’s blue eyes
French Canadian population migration (only taking small amount of total genetic diversity from France)
_____ _____ is the transfer of alleles between populations (i.e., people moving, migrating, “gettin’ it on”).
Gene flow
Gene flow is the transfer of _______ between ___________ (i.e., people moving, migrating, “gettin’ it on”)
alleles
populations
How genetically similar are humans?
99.9% similar on the genetic level
What is clinal variation?
it varies continuously across space
Skin color is ______ and due to ________ _________
clinal
natural selection
_____ _______ is clinal and due to natural selection
Skin color
What are the adaptions to high altitudes?
Larger chest cavities
larger hearts
larger red blood cell volume
What is Lewontin known for?
There is more genetic variation within populations than between them among humans
