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Anthropology 101 > Exam #2 study guide pt. 2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 study guide pt. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

_______ _________ was a Swedish, botanist and zoologist.

A

Carolus Linneaus

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2
Q

Carolus Linneaus was a _________, botanist and zoologist.

A

Swedish

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3
Q

Carolus Linneaus was a Swedish, ________ and _________.

A

botanist

zoologist

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4
Q

Carolus Linneaus invented “_______ ___________”

A

“binomial nomenclature”

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5
Q

Who was the first to classify human “races”?

A

Carolus Linneaus

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6
Q

How did Carolus Linneaus categorize race?

A

(1) Homo sapiens europaeus
(2) Homo sapiens americanus
(3) Homo sapiens asiaticus
(4) Homo sapiens africanus

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7
Q

Blumenbach was a _______ physician and “naturalist”

A

German

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8
Q

Blumenbach was a German _________ and “_________”

A

physician

“naturalist”

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9
Q

__________ was a German physician and “naturalist”

A

Blumenbach

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10
Q

Blumenbach used measurements of ______ to create and justify 5 races

A

crania

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11
Q

What are the 5 races created and justified by Blumenbach?

A

(1) Caucasian
(2) Mongolian
(3) Malayan
(4) Ethiopian
(5) American

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12
Q

What is Lewontin known for?

A
  • an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, academic and social commentator.
  • A leader in developing the mathematical basis of population genetics and evolutionary theory, he pioneered the application of techniques from molecular biology, such as gel electrophoresis, to questions of genetic variation and evolution
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13
Q

What is “population structure”?

A

Lumpy mashed potatoes!

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14
Q

What isn’t population structure?

A

Panmixia: each person has exactly the same probability of mating with any other person (of reproductive age) in the population

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15
Q

How do you get population structure?

A

(1) Assortative Mating
(2) Natural Selection
(3) Genetic Drift
(4) Uneven Gene Flow

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16
Q

__________- a group of people living in a geographic region

A

population

17
Q

___________- a group of people who could potentially mate with one another

A

population

18
Q

True or False: population is strictly defined

A

False; It’s ARBITRARILY DEFINED

19
Q

_________ ________ is when some individuals are more likely to mate with one another than with other individuals

A

Assortive mating

20
Q

What are some examples of assortative mating?

A

Marrying someone of your own religion
Marrying someone who lives in your neighborhood
Marrying someone who speaks your language

21
Q

________ _________, for our purposes, is when a particular trait is beneficial in a particular environment, and spreads throughout the population because of that

A

Natural selection

22
Q

Genetic drift includes _______ fluctuations in _______ frequencies

A

random

allele

23
Q

________ _____ includes random fluctuations in allele frequencies

A

Genetic drift

24
Q

What are some examples of genetic drift?

A

You didn’t get grandma’s blue eyes

French Canadian population migration (only taking small amount of total genetic diversity from France)

25
Q

_____ _____ is the transfer of alleles between populations (i.e., people moving, migrating, “gettin’ it on”).

A

Gene flow

26
Q

Gene flow is the transfer of _______ between ___________ (i.e., people moving, migrating, “gettin’ it on”)

A

alleles

populations

27
Q

How genetically similar are humans?

A

99.9% similar on the genetic level

28
Q

What is clinal variation?

A

it varies continuously across space

29
Q

Skin color is ______ and due to ________ _________

A

clinal

natural selection

30
Q

_____ _______ is clinal and due to natural selection

A

Skin color

31
Q

What are the adaptions to high altitudes?

A

Larger chest cavities
larger hearts
larger red blood cell volume

32
Q

What is Lewontin known for?

A

There is more genetic variation within populations than between them among humans

Anthropology 101 (13 decks)

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