Exam #2 study guide pt. 1

Question 1

What is the difference between routine and ritual?

Answer 1

Routine- A course of action which is regularly followed; something designed to bring order and comfort

Ritual: A prescribed behavior in which there is no empirical connection between the means and the desired end

Question 2

What is a myth?

Answer 2

A story that recounts how various aspects of the world came to be the way they are.

Question 3

_____ make life meaningful for those who accept them.

Answer 3

Myths

Question 4

The truth of _____ seems self-evident, because they integrate personal experience with a wider set of assumptions about how the world works.

Answer 4

myths

Question 5

The truth of myths seems self-evident, because they integrate ________ __________ with a wider set of ___________ about how the world works.

Answer 5

personal experience

assumptions

Question 6

The truth of myths seems _____-________, because they integrate personal experience with a wider set of assumptions about how the world works.

Answer 6

self-evident

Question 7

A _____ ___ _________ is a ritual that serves to mark the movement and transformation of an individual from one social position to another

Answer 7

rite of passage

Question 8

What are the three phases of a rite of passage?

Answer 8

(1) separation
(2) transition(liminality)
(3) reaggregation

Question 9

A __________ is an encompassing picture of reality created by the members of a society.

Answer 9

worldview

Question 10

What is religious syncretism?

Answer 10

the synthesis of old religious practices (or an old way of life) with new religious practices (or a new way of life) introduced from outside, often by force

Question 11

What are some examples of religious syncretism?

Answer 11

(1) Day of the dead

(2) the celtic cross

Question 12

_________ is a worldview that justified the social arrangements under which people live.

Answer 12

Ideology

Question 13

____________ is the separation of religion and state, including a notion of secular citizenship that owes much to the notion of individual agency developed in Protestant theology.

Answer 13

Secularism

Question 14

What is meant by human biological variation?

Answer 14

real biological differences (genetics, epigenetics, environmentally mediated phenotypic differences) between individuals

Question 15

What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

Answer 15

Race- Human population categories whose boundaries allegedly correspond to a distinct set of biological attributes
Ethnicity- A principle of social classification used to create groups based on selected cultural features such as language, religion, or dress

Question 16

What assumptions are built into the race concept?

Answer 16

(1) Race is biological (genetic)
(2) It relates to innate physical, mental, social
characteristics
(3) Any two people within a particular race are more alike (in all of the above ways) than any two people in different races
(4) A race is a natural, discrete, bounded population

Question 17

Race and racial categories are _______ ___________.

Answer 17

social constructs

Question 18

______ _________- A jointly developed understanding of the world that forms the basis for a shared assumption about reality; human beings rationalize their experience by creating models of the social world, and share and reify these models through language

Answer 18

Social constructs

Question 19

What is the Age of Exploration?

Answer 19

• Roughly from the 15th to the 18th centuries
• Spawned by the spice trade, the beginnings of Trans- Atlantic slavery, the conquest of the Americas
• Saw European colonization or economic influence in greater and greater parts of the world

Question 20

What is the Age of Enlightenment?

Answer 20

• 17th and 18th centuries
• Shift to science as valid and favored epistemology
• “Natural History,” categorization of living things, etc

Question 21

____-_________ is often used to justify the social order

Answer 21

Neo-Darwinism

Question 22

Neo-Darwinism is often used to justify the ______ ______

Answer 22

social order

Question 23

Who said “survival of the fittest”?

Answer 23

Herbert Spencer

Question 24

____-_________ fed into eugenics

Answer 24

Neo-Darwinism

Question 25

Neo-Darwinism fed into _________

Answer 25

eugenics

Question 26

The trans-Atlantic slave trade existed from roughly the ___th to the ___th centuries

Answer 26

15th

19th

Question 27

The trans Atlantic slave trade was what type of slavery?

Answer 27

Chattel slavery

Question 28

What is chattel slavery?

Answer 28

slavery in which individuals are treated like property, and often like commodities that can be bought and sold

Question 29

True or False: Chattel slavery is the most common type of slavery

Answer 29

False; “chattel slavery” was not typically a common form