Powerpoint Slides Week 4 pt. 2/ Week 5 pt. 1

Question 1

What is kinship?

Answer 1

Social relationships that are prototypically derived from the universal human experiences of mating, birth, and nurturance

Question 2

What are the functions of kinship structures?

Answer 2

(1) Carry out reproduction of group members
(2) Residence rules
(3) Descent rules / patterns (4) Succession of positions n (5) Inheritance

Question 3

What is the difference between matrilineal and patrilineal?

Answer 3

Matrilineal focuses on the mother

Patrilineal focuses on the father

Question 4

What is a levirate marriage?

Answer 4

A marriage in which a widow marries her dead husband’s brother

Question 5

What is the difference between cross cousins and parallel cousins?

Answer 5

Parallel Cousins: The children of a person’s parents’ same-sex siblings (a father’s brother’s children or a mother’s sister’s children).

Cross Cousins: The children of a person’s parents’ opposite-sex siblings (a father’s sister’s children or a mother’s brother’s children).

Question 6

What is a sister exchange marriage?

Answer 6

give a sister from one’s family and compensation to another family

Question 7

What kind of kinship system do the Gebusi have?

Answer 7

-Kinship system somewhat flexible
-Neither totally patrilocal nor matrilocal
-Patrilineal (in terms of descent)
-Practice “sister-exchange”
marriage
-Horticulturalists from New Guinea
Not much in the way of “bride wealth”

Question 8

What kind of kinship system do the Ju/’hoansi have (in a basic sense)?

Answer 8

• Egalitarian band-system
• Three Kinship systems
  (1) Regular system
  (2) Name system
  (3) Wi
• Live in camps (see next page)

Question 9

What is the Ju/’hoansi “name” system?

Answer 9

• Children are named after relatives
• There are no surnames
• Nicknames are common because so many individuals share a name
• Ties society together, makes close kin out of distant stranger
• If someone has same name as your father, you call him father

Question 10

Which type of kinship is this: kinship connections through marriage or liking ?

Answer 10

affinal kinship

Question 11

Which type of kinship is this: a kinship group that consists of the relatives of one person or group of siblings?

Answer 11

bilateral kinship

Question 12

Which type of kinship is this: are based on neither consanguinal (blood ties) nor affinal (“by marriage”) ties, in contrast to true kinship ties?

Answer 12

fictive kinship

Question 13

Which type of kinship is this: kinship connections based on descent?

Answer 13

consanguineal kinship

Question 14

What is bridewealth?

Answer 14

the transfer of certain symbolically important goods from the family of the groom to the bride’s family on the occasion of their marriage. It represents compensation.

Question 15

What is the difference between a clan and a lineage?

Answer 15

Clan- a descent group formed by members who believe they have a common ancestor (even if they cannot specify one).

Lineage- the consanguineal members of descent groups who believe they can trace their descent from known ancestors

Question 16

What is an economy?

Answer 16

includes all activities, relationships, and institutions involved in the production, distribution, and consumption of human needs and wants.

Question 17

Economy cannot be __________ completely from other aspects of society and social life.

Answer 17

disentangled

Question 18

Economic Anthropology is the study of “…issues of human nature that relate directly to the
decisions of _____ ____ and _______ __ ______”

Answer 18

daily life

making a living

Question 19

What is the difference between subsistence and subsistence strategy?

Answer 19

• Subsistence: the production and/or acquisition of food, clothing, and shelter
• Subsistence Strategy: the primary method by which a society meets its basic needs

Question 20

What are the three theories of how/why humans make

economic decisions?

Answer 20

(1) Self-interested model
(2) Social model
(3) Moral model

Question 21

Which theory of economic decision making is this: Individualsprimarily interested in their own well-being; selfish; rational actors, maximizing “utility”?

Answer 21

Self-interested model

Question 22

Which theory of economic decision making is this: Self-interestinseparablefrom group-interest; focus on cultural institutions?

Answer 22

Social model

Question 23

Which theory of economic decision making is this: “…people’smotivations‘are shaped by culturally specific belief systems and values…’”?

Answer 23

Moral model

Question 24

What are the three main stages of economic activity?

Answer 24

(1) Production – transforming raw materials into useful products
(2) Distribution/Exchange – getting products to people
(3) Consumption – using the products

Question 25

__________– transforming raw materials into useful products

Answer 25

Production

Question 26

__________/________– getting products to people

Answer 26

Distribution

Exchange

Question 27

___________– using the products

Answer 27

Consumption

Question 28

_________ is the exchange of goods or services of (usually) equal value; value is not determined by a market.

Answer 28

Reciprocity

Question 29

What are the three types of reciprocity?

Answer 29

(1) Generalized reciprocity
(2) Balanced reciprocity
(3) Negative reciprocity

Question 30

Which type of reciprocity is this: Exchange without expectation of an immediate return, or of a specific value?

Answer 30

Generalized reciprocity

Question 31

Which type of reciprocity is this: Exchange with expectation of return with a specific value within a specific time frame?

Answer 31

Balanced reciprocity

Question 32

Which type of reciprocity is this: Exchange without return of equal value?

Answer 32

Negative reciprocity

Question 33

___________ is a system where a centralized authority collects tribute or other economic contribution from subjects or citizens, and then redistributes goods / services to the population to meet their needs.

Answer 33

Redistribution

Question 34

What is the market exchange?

Answer 34

The exchange of goods or services calculated in terms of
a multipurpose medium of exchange and standard of value (money) and carried on by means of a “supply-and- demand-price mechanism.”