Powerpoint Slides Week 4 pt. 2/ Week 5 pt. 1 Flashcards
What is kinship?
Social relationships that are prototypically derived from the universal human experiences of mating, birth, and nurturance
What are the functions of kinship structures?
(1) Carry out reproduction of group members
(2) Residence rules
(3) Descent rules / patterns (4) Succession of positions n (5) Inheritance
What is the difference between matrilineal and patrilineal?
Matrilineal focuses on the mother
Patrilineal focuses on the father
What is a levirate marriage?
A marriage in which a widow marries her dead husband’s brother
What is the difference between cross cousins and parallel cousins?
Parallel Cousins: The children of a person’s parents’ same-sex siblings (a father’s brother’s children or a mother’s sister’s children).
Cross Cousins: The children of a person’s parents’ opposite-sex siblings (a father’s sister’s children or a mother’s brother’s children).
What is a sister exchange marriage?
give a sister from one’s family and compensation to another family
What kind of kinship system do the Gebusi have?
-Kinship system somewhat flexible
-Neither totally patrilocal nor matrilocal
-Patrilineal (in terms of descent)
-Practice “sister-exchange”
marriage
-Horticulturalists from New Guinea
Not much in the way of “bride wealth”
What kind of kinship system do the Ju/’hoansi have (in a basic sense)?
- Egalitarian band-system
- Three Kinship systems
(1) Regular system
(2) Name system
(3) Wi - Live in camps (see next page)
What is the Ju/’hoansi “name” system?
- Children are named after relatives
- There are no surnames
- Nicknames are common because so many individuals share a name
- Ties society together, makes close kin out of distant stranger
- If someone has same name as your father, you call him father
Which type of kinship is this: kinship connections through marriage or liking ?
affinal kinship
Which type of kinship is this: a kinship group that consists of the relatives of one person or group of siblings?
bilateral kinship
Which type of kinship is this: are based on neither consanguinal (blood ties) nor affinal (“by marriage”) ties, in contrast to true kinship ties?
fictive kinship
Which type of kinship is this: kinship connections based on descent?
consanguineal kinship
What is bridewealth?
the transfer of certain symbolically important goods from the family of the groom to the bride’s family on the occasion of their marriage. It represents compensation.
What is the difference between a clan and a lineage?
Clan- a descent group formed by members who believe they have a common ancestor (even if they cannot specify one).
Lineage- the consanguineal members of descent groups who believe they can trace their descent from known ancestors
What is an economy?
includes all activities, relationships, and institutions involved in the production, distribution, and consumption of human needs and wants.
Economy cannot be __________ completely from other aspects of society and social life.
disentangled
Economic Anthropology is the study of “…issues of human nature that relate directly to the
decisions of _____ ____ and _______ __ ______”
daily life
making a living
What is the difference between subsistence and subsistence strategy?
- Subsistence: the production and/or acquisition of food, clothing, and shelter
- Subsistence Strategy: the primary method by which a society meets its basic needs
What are the three theories of how/why humans make
economic decisions?
(1) Self-interested model
(2) Social model
(3) Moral model
Which theory of economic decision making is this: Individualsprimarily interested in their own well-being; selfish; rational actors, maximizing “utility”?
Self-interested model
Which theory of economic decision making is this: Self-interestinseparablefrom group-interest; focus on cultural institutions?
Social model
Which theory of economic decision making is this: “…people’smotivations‘are shaped by culturally specific belief systems and values…’”?
Moral model
What are the three main stages of economic activity?
(1) Production – transforming raw materials into useful products
(2) Distribution/Exchange – getting products to people
(3) Consumption – using the products
__________– transforming raw materials into useful products
Production
__________/________– getting products to people
Distribution
Exchange
___________– using the products
Consumption
_________ is the exchange of goods or services of (usually) equal value; value is not determined by a market.
Reciprocity
What are the three types of reciprocity?
(1) Generalized reciprocity
(2) Balanced reciprocity
(3) Negative reciprocity
Which type of reciprocity is this: Exchange without expectation of an immediate return, or of a specific value?
Generalized reciprocity
Which type of reciprocity is this: Exchange with expectation of return with a specific value within a specific time frame?
Balanced reciprocity
Which type of reciprocity is this: Exchange without return of equal value?
Negative reciprocity
___________ is a system where a centralized authority collects tribute or other economic contribution from subjects or citizens, and then redistributes goods / services to the population to meet their needs.
Redistribution
What is the market exchange?
The exchange of goods or services calculated in terms of
a multipurpose medium of exchange and standard of value (money) and carried on by means of a “supply-and- demand-price mechanism.”
