Testing Considerations, Patient History, Mechanisms of Disease, and Physical Examination

Question 1

all noninvasive vascular studies are based on clinical standards and guidelines which include (5)

Answer 1

capabilities
limitations
patient positioning
technique
interpretation

Question 2

what is claudication?

Answer 2

pain in muscles that occurs during exercise due to inadequate blood supply

Question 3

buttock claudication suggests ___

Answer 3

aortoiliac disease

Question 4

buttock claudication with unilateral symptoms suggest ___

Answer 4

iliofemoral disease

Question 5

thigh claudication suggests ___

Answer 5

distal external iliac/common femoral disease

Question 6

calf claudication suggests ___

Answer 6

femoral/popliteal disease

Question 7

what is acute arterial occlusion?

Answer 7

life-threatening condition that occurs when a peripheral artery suddenly becomes blocked, cutting off blood flow to a limb

Question 8

5 “P” symptoms of acute arterial occlusion

Answer 8

pain
pallor
pulselessness
paresthesia
paralysis
*polar
*purplish

Question 9

atherosclerosis is more common among ___

Answer 9

diabetics

Question 10

diabetics have a higher incidence of occlusive disease of the (2)

Answer 10

distal popliteal artery
tibial vessels

Question 11

people with hypertension have a greater incidence of ___

Answer 11

coronary atherosclerosis

Question 12

chemicals in cigarettes irritate the endothelial lining of the arteries and cause ___

Answer 12

vasoconstriction

Question 13

what is atherosclerosis?

Answer 13

thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries

Question 14

what is the most common arterial pathology?

Answer 14

atherosclerosis

Question 15

what is the most common cause of embolism?

Answer 15

plaque or thrombus breaking

Question 16

most common location of an aneurysm

Answer 16

infrarenal aorta

Question 17

popliteal aneurysms are often ____

Answer 17

bilateral

Question 18

what is arteritis?

Answer 18

inflammation of the arterial wall

Question 19

what is the most common form of arteritis?

Answer 19

Buerger’s disease

Question 20

Buerger’s disease is associated with ___

Answer 20

heavy cigarette smoking

Question 21

what is coarctational of the aorta?

Answer 21

congenital narrowing or stricture of the thoracic aorta

Question 22

flow velocities differ in each lumen when there is a ____

Answer 22

dissection

Question 23

what is Raynaud’s phenomenon?

Answer 23

intermittent ischemia of the fingers or toes that occurs in response to cold exposure

Question 24

primary Raynaud’s is caused by ___
secondary Raynaud’s is caused by ___

Answer 24

primary - digital arterial spasm
secondary - fixed obstruction

Question 25

popliteal artery entrapment is common in ___ and bilateral in ___ of cases

Answer 25

men
bilateral in ⅓ of cases

Question 26

what is Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?

Answer 26

group of inherited disorders affecting connective tissue

Question 27

what is Livedo Reticularis?

Answer 27

net-like purplish discoloration of the skin

Question 28

what is Necrobiosis Lipoidica?

Answer 28

disorder of collagen degeneration

shiny, red-brown patches on the skin

Question 29

what are the 3 types of vasculitis?

Answer 29

Buerger’s disease
giant cell arteritis - arteries in the head
Takayasu’s - largest arteries in the body

Question 30

palpation grading

Answer 30

0 = none
1+ = weak
2+ = good
3+ = strong
4+ = bounding

Question 31

auscultation grading

Answer 31

1+ = mild
2+ = moderate
3+ = severe

Question 32

what is pandiastolic?

Answer 32

bruit that extends throughout diastole