Cerebrovascular A&P

Question 1

cerebrovascular anterior circulation consists of (2)

Answer 1

ICA and ECA

Question 2

the ICA travels into the ___

Answer 2

base of the skull

Question 3

after the ICA passes into the skull, it gives off the ___ branch

Answer 3

caroticotympanic branch

Question 4

the ophthalmic artery branches off the ICA at the ___

Answer 4

carotid siphon

Question 5

the carotid siphon is the ___

Answer 5

significant curve of the distal ICA

Question 6

___ and ___ branch off before the ICA divides into the middle and anterior cerebral arteries

Answer 6

anterior choroidal arteries
posterior communicating arteries

Question 7

ICA distributes blood to (4)

Answer 7

anterior brain
eyes
forehead
nose

Question 8

___% of the CCA blood flows into the ICA

Answer 8

70-80%

Question 9

8 branches of the ECA

Answer 9

1. superior thyroid artery
2. ascending pharyngeal artery
3. lingual artery
4. facial artery
5. occipital artery
6. posterior auricular artery
7. superficial temporal artery
8. maxillary artery

Question 10

the superior thyroid artery has ___ flow compared to the CCA

Answer 10

retrograde flow

Question 11

the superior thyroid artery sometimes originates from the ___

Answer 11

distal CCA

Question 12

cerebrovascular posterior circulation consists of (3)

Answer 12

vertebral arteries
basilar artery
circle of Willis

Question 13

the vertebral arteries form the basilar artery after they enter the ___

Answer 13

foramen magnum

Question 14

the circle of Willis connects the

Answer 14

anterior and posterior circulatory systems

Question 15

___ the population has an incomplete circle of Willis

Answer 15

half the population

Question 16

___ provides an important collateral pathway that maintains blood flow to the brain in cases of stenosis or occlusion

Answer 16

circle of Willis

Question 17

the circle of Willis is a hexagonal arrangement of the (3)

Answer 17

distal ICA
anterior cerebral arteries
posterior cerebral arteries

Question 18

the circle of Willis is joined together by the ___ and ___ arteries

Answer 18

anterior and posterior communicating arteries

Question 19

blood flow in the anterior and posterior communicating arteries is usually evident only when they serve as collateral channels secondary to ___

Answer 19

hemodynamically significant lesion of the extracranial carotid circulation

Question 20

3 major branches of the ophthalmic artery

Answer 20

supraorbital artery
supratrochlear/frontal artery
nasal artery

Question 21

supraorbital artery travels ___ and ___ to the globe

Answer 21

anteriorly and superiorly

Question 22

the supraorbital artery and frontal artery join the ECA via branches of the ____

Answer 22

superficial temporal artery

Question 23

supratrochlear/frontal artery exits the orbit ___ to supply the mid forehead

Answer 23

medially

Question 24

the nasal artery branches from the ___ to supply the nose

Answer 24

frontal artery

Question 25

the nasal artery becomes the ___ artery

Answer 25

angular artery

Question 26

the angular artery descends along the ___ border of the nose

Answer 26

lateral

Question 27

the angular artery joins the ECA via the ___ artery

Answer 27

facial artery

Question 28

largest interarterial connection is the ___

Answer 28

circle of Willis

Question 29

the tunica intima consists of

Answer 29

a single layer of endothelial cells with a base membrane and connective tissue

Question 30

the tunica media consists of

Answer 30

a thick layer of smooth muscles and collagenous fiber

Question 31

the tunica adventitia consists of

Answer 31

a thin fibrous layer of connective tissue and some smooth muscle fibers

Question 32

the tunica adventitia contains the ___ which supplies blood to the walls of the larger arteries

Answer 32

vasa vasorum

Question 33

the vasa vasorum can also function as collateral pathways to maintain patency of the ___ in the presence of a focal occlusion

Answer 33

ICA

Question 34

ICA-ECA connections via (4)

Answer 34

ophthalmic arteries orbital arteries meningohypophyseal branches caroticotympanic branch

Question 35

Intracranial-extracranial anastomoses (6)

Answer 35

1. ICA-ECA 2. occipital branch of the ECA with the atlantic branch of the vertebral artery 3. deep cervical and ascending cervical branches of the subclavian to the branches of the lower vertebral artery 4. atlantic branch of the upper vertebral 5. occipital branch of the ECA 6. ECAs across the midline

Question 36

Small interarterial communications include (2)

Answer 36

intricate network of transdural anastomoses across the subdural space from the dural arteries to the arteries on the surface of the brain leptomeningeal collaterals form the meningeal border-zone network that connects the terminal cortical branches of the cerebral arteries