Testicular problems

Question 1

are undescended testes usually bilateral or unilateral?

Answer 1

unilateral

Question 2

what condition is associated with bilateral undescended testes?

Answer 2

Noonans

Prader willi

Question 3

what are the three types of undescended testes?

Answer 3

crytochidism
retractile
maldescended
ectopic

Question 4

what are the complications of undescended testes?

Answer 4

infertility
malignancy
increased risk of trauma and torsion
associated with hernias

Question 5

what is the surgery for undescended testes?

Answer 5

orchidoplexy by dartos pouch procedure

Question 6

what hormonal treatment can be used for testes in the inguinal canal?

Answer 6

Beta HCG

Question 7

what is the most common cause of testicular torsion?

Answer 7

usually secondary to exertion or minor trauma

Question 8

what is the common presentation of testicular torsion?

Answer 8

10-25yrs
sudden severe pain in one testis
hot, swollen, extremely tender testis

Question 9

is testicular torsion a surgical emergency?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

how long is the window to surgically treat a testicular torsion before function is lost?

Answer 10

4-6hrs

Question 11

what are differential diagnosis of testicular torsion?

Answer 11

epididymo-orchitis 
torted hydatid of Morgagni 
tumour 
trauma 
strangulated hernia 
appendicitis

Question 12

what is torted hydatid of Morgagni caused by?

Answer 12

remnant of Mullerian duct