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Y4 Nephrology/Urology > Testicular tumours > Flashcards

Testicular tumours Flashcards

1
Q

are white or blacks more affected by testicular tumours?

A

white

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2
Q

where does testicular tumours spread to which nodes?

A

para aortic nodes

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3
Q

state the presentation of testicular tumours?

A

painless testicular lump

haematospermia

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4
Q

what hormonal affects can testicular tumours have?

A

gynaecomastia

virilisation

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5
Q

what is virilisation?

A

muscle bulk, body hair, and deep voice as a result of excess androgen production.

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6
Q

what is the commonest type of testicular tumour?

A

germ cell

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7
Q

what are the two types of germ cell tumours?

A 
pure seminomas 
non seminomas (60%)
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8
Q

what is the most common type of non seminomas germ cell tumour?

A

mixed

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9
Q

what markers are increased in pure seminomas ?

A

beta BCG

placental ALP

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10
Q

are pure seminomas chemo or radio sensitive ?

A

radiosensitive

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11
Q

are teratoma chemo or radio sensitive ?

A

chemosensitive

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12
Q

what are the two types of sex cord stromal tumours ?

A

leydig

sertoli

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13
Q

are sex cord stromal tumours usually benign or malignant?

A

benign

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14
Q

are teratomas usually benign or malignant in children?

A

benign

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15
Q

are teratomas usually benign or malignant in adults?

A

malignant

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16
Q

what markers can be picked up from teratomas ?

A

beta HCG

AFP

17
Q

what is the commonest testicular tumour in children?

A

yolk sac tumour

18
Q

what testicular tumour has the highest increase of bHCG ?

A

choriocarcinoma

19
Q

what is the commonest malignancy testicular mass >60yrs

A

non hodgkins lymphoma

20
Q

what is the commonest malignancy testicular mass <5yrs ?

21
Q

what classification is used for testicular tumours ?

A

royal marsden classification

22
Q

what are the four stages of royal marsden classifiaction ?

A

disease only in testis
below diaphragm
above diaphragm
metastasis

23
Q

what testicular tumour has normal AFP?

A

pure seminoma

24
Q

what investigations can be done for testicular tumours?

A

tumour markers
scrotum US
CXR/CT for staging

25
Q

what tumour markers are seen in testicular tumours ?

A

AFP
bHCG
placental ALP

26
Q

should FNA be done on testicular tumours?

A

no

- may cause seeding along needle tract

27
Q

how is stage 1/2 seminomas treated?

A

inguinal orchidectomy and RT

28
Q

how is stage 3/4 seminomas treated?

A

inguinal orchidectomy and RT and chemo

29
Q

what chemo is used to treat stage 3/4 seminomas ?

A

BEP

Bleomycin, Etoposide, cisPlatin

30
Q

how is stage 1 non seminomas treated?

A

inguinal orchidectomy

31
Q

how is stage 2 non seminomas treated?

A

orchidectomy + chemo + para-aortic LN

dissection

32
Q

how is stage 3 non seminomas treated?

A

orchidectomy + chemo

Y4 Nephrology/Urology (17 decks)

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