Testicular cancer Flashcards
What are 6 types of testicular cancer?
Germ cells:
-Serinomas
-Tertomas
- Yolk sac tumour
- Choriocarcinoma
- Embroynal Carcinoma
Non germ cell cancer
- Leydig cell mutation
- Sertoli cell mutation
What is a Seminoma?
Surround by fibrous tissue + lymphocytes
Fried egg appearance
Secrete PLAP
What is a teratomas?
Contain all types of tissue
children = benign
Adults = malignant
What is a Embryonal carcinoma?
Germ cell turns into embryonic pluripotent stem cells
Small
Painful
Aggresive
What is yolk sac tumours?
Most common in children + aggressive
Germ cell diffrentiate to yolk sac tissue
Form schiller duval bodies which secrete AFP.
What is a Choriocarcinoma?
Germ cell turns into syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophblasts
Small
Malignant
Grow quickly
Risk factors of testicular cancer?
Cryptochidism ( where testicle fails to fall)
Kleinefelter syndrome (male inherit more than one x chromosome leading to small undeveloped testicles.
In utero exposure
Environmental factors
Genetic mutations
Symptoms of testicular cancer?
Normally small painless lump
Swollen
Firm to touch
Sharp Dull pain
Diagnosis of testicular cancer?
Physical examination
Ultrasound to diffrentiate from cyst
CT or MRI to check metasteses
Blood test ( tumour markers)
No biopsy as it can cause cancer to spread.
Complications of testicular cancer?
Metasteses of tumour to lungs or lymph nodes
Treatment of testicular cancer?
Surgery
- inguinal orchiectomy
Chemotherapy.
