Renal cell carcinoma Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology of renal carcionoma?

A

Forms from epithelial cells in proximal convoluted tubule of kidney.

The cells are called polygonal epithelial cell.

It can be genetic mutation on chromosome 3P, which cause a mutation on Von hippel lindau tumour supressor.

These mutations cause IGF-1 ( Growth factor) to increase causing dysregulated growth + Angiogenesis which causes tumours to form.

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2
Q

Risk factors of renal carcinoma?

A

Random
Oldermen
Smoker
Genetic (Von hippel lindau disease)
Hypertension

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3
Q

Diagnosis of renal carcinoma?

A

Staging with TNM system (1-4)
- T : Tumour size
- N: Degree of spread
- M: Degree of metasteses

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4
Q

Treatment of renal carcinoma?

A

Chemotherapy + radiation dont work

Resection surgery is done

Molecular targeted therapy
- Target VGF Receptor + cut of blood supply to tumour.

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5
Q

Symptoms of renal carcinoma?

A

P: Pain
I: Inflamation
P: Palpable mass
H: Hematuria
P: Paraneoplastic syndrome

  • Increase erythropoetin = polycythemia
  • Increase renin = Hypertension
  • Increase PTH = Hypercalcemia
  • Increase ACTH = Increase cortisol
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6
Q

What is von hippel lindau disease?

A

Inherited syndrome ( autosomal dominant)

Happens in younger men and woman

Normally affects both kidneys

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7
Q

What does the mutation in von hippel lindau disease cause?

A

Cysts + Benign Tumours formation
- Eyes
- CNS
- Main cause od death in VHL is Renal cell carcinoma

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