Acute kidney injury

Question 1

Definition of acute kidney injury?

Answer 1

Acute drop in kidney function and is diagnosed by measuring serum creatine.

Question 2

Risk factors of acute kidney disease?

Answer 2

Chronic kidney disease

Heart failure

Diabetes

Liver disease

Above 65 years old

Cognative impairment

Medications like NSAIDS + ACE inhibitors.

Question 3

Causes of acute kidney injury ?

Answer 3

Pre renal causes:
- Renal artery stenosis
- Hypovolaemia
- Diarhoea/ vomiting

Renal causes:
- Glomerulonephritis
- Interstitial nephritis
- Acute tubular necrosis

Post renal causes:
- Kidney stones
- Masses like cancer
- Ureter strictures
- Enlarged prostate

Question 4

Testing for acute kidney disease?

Answer 4

Urinalysis for protein, blood, leucocytes
,nitrates + glucose

Ultrasound

Question 5

Managment of acute kidney disease?

Answer 5

Fluid rehydration

Stop nephrotic medications ( NSAIDS)

Relieve the obstruction.

Question 6

Complications of acute kidney disease?

Answer 6

Hyperkalaemia

Fluid overload, Heart failure + Pulmonary oedema

Metabolic acidosis

Uraemic can lead to encephalopathy or pericarditis.

Question 7

What is the kidneys function?

Answer 7

Water/ hormone homeostatsis

Removal of waste/ toxins

RBC production

Activate vitamin D