Bladder cancer

Question 1

What are three types of bladder cancer?

Answer 1

Urothelial cell carcinomas
(transitional cell carcinoma)
- Majority of bladder tumours

Non urothelial carcinoma ( two types)
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Adenocarcinomas ( Metastesize most the time) (Bladder extrophy is risk factor)

The bladder is lined with transitional cells, these cells can change shape and look like squamous cells. ( They have keratin in the hair)

Question 2

Risk factors of bladder cancer?

Answer 2

Chronic irritation

Kidney stones

schistosome Haematobium(flat worms)

Question 3

Diagnosis of bladder cancer?

Answer 3

Cystoscopy

Tumour resected to know which one it is.

Question 4

Symptoms of bladder cancer?

Answer 4

Bladder irritation
Haematuria
In adeniocarcinoma mucusuria

Question 5

Treatment of bladder cancer?

Answer 5

Transurethial resection (TUR)
- FOR SMALL TUMOURS

Radical cystectomy
- Removal of bladder