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Histology > Test Two Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Test Two Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

The central nervous system consists of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Why called central nervous system

A

In the central axis of the body

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3
Q

The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that…

A

Controls our body

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4
Q

Peripheral nervous system is made up of

A

Plexus of the body and main nerves of the body

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5
Q

The peripheral nervous system originates from where

A

Brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

What is a plexus

A

Groups of nerves

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7
Q

How many cranial nerves

A

12

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8
Q

Cranial nerves originate where and innervate where

A

From brain and innervate the head and neck

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9
Q

How many pair of spinal nerves

A

33

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10
Q

The spinal nerves attach where and innervate what

A

Originate from the spinal cord and innervate the body

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11
Q

What are sensory nerves

A

Carry information towards the CNS

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12
Q

What are motor nerves

A

Carry information away from CNS

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13
Q

What are mixed nerves

A

Nerves that are motor and sensory

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14
Q

Autonomic system innervates what

A

To the involuntary muscles of the body

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15
Q

Specifically what muscles does the autonomic nervous system innervates

A

Smooth and cardiac muscle

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16
Q

What are the two subsections of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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17
Q

The sympathetic is used for

A

Flight or flight, survival

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18
Q

The parasympathetic is used for

A

Rest and digest, returns the body back to resting state after sympathetic response

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19
Q

Function of glial cells

A

Support cells of the nervous system

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20
Q

How many glial cells per neuron

A

10 glial cells

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21
Q

What are the three things astrocytes do

A

Storage, scavengers and support

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22
Q

How are astrocytes storage cells

A

Store metabolites such as sugar and deliver them to neuron

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23
Q

How are astrocytes work as scavengers

A

Responsible for cleaning up the environment of the neuron

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24
Q

How do astrocytes work as support

A

Physical support for neurons, form scaffolding

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25
Q

What are microvilli

A

Used for protection against pathogens by attacking and destroying foreign molecules

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26
Q

What nerve cell is the macrophage of the CNS

A

Microglia

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27
Q

What are oligrodendrocytes

A

Secretion and maintenance of myelin

28
Q

If you increase myelin, what happens to conduction velocity

A

Increase

29
Q

What are ependymal cells

A

Make cerebral spinal fluid

30
Q

What is cerebral spinal fluid

A

Modified blood plasma

31
Q

A nerve cell is also known as

A

Neuron

32
Q

What are neurons

A

Functional cells of the nervous system

33
Q

What is the function of neurons

A

Conduct action potentials

34
Q

Nervous system works on a rate of what

A

Action potentials

35
Q

What is the binary code of the nervous system

A

Either the neuron fires or it doesn’t

36
Q

What are the three parts of the neuron

A

Cell body, dendrites and axons

37
Q

What is the largest part of the neuron

A

Cell body

38
Q

Where do most of the cellular processes take place in the neuron

A

Cell body

39
Q

What is found in the cell body of the neuron

A

Nucleus, Nissl bodies, protein synthesis organelles, mitochondria, lysosomes, ER and golgi

40
Q

What are Nissl bodies made of

A

RER, ribosomes and polysomes

41
Q

Function of dendrites

A

Carry action potential toward cell body

42
Q

How many dendrites per neuron

A

0 to 16

43
Q

What is the primary dendrite

A

Process that connects to the body

44
Q

Dendrites begin to branch when

A

They move away from the body forming the dendritic tree

45
Q

The purpose of branching the dendrites

A

Increase surface area for synaptic contact

46
Q

What are inside dendrites

A

Will contain all the same organelles as the cell body but the nucleus

47
Q

Function of axon

A

Process that carries action potential away from the cell body

48
Q

How many axons per neuron

A

One

49
Q

Purpose of myelin sheath

A

Increase conduction velocity

50
Q

What are the nodes of ranvier

A

Point in myelin sheath that has break points

51
Q

How does the action potential move down the axon

A

AP jumps from node to node

52
Q

Purpose of myelin and nodes of ranvier

A

Myelin helps by not having the membrane depolarize throughout just at the nodes

53
Q

What are telodendria

A

Area of axon beginning to flare out

54
Q

Purpose of telondendria

A

Increases surface are and allows for multiple terminal boutons

55
Q

What are terminal boutons

A

End of the axon terminals where synapses occur

56
Q

More terminal boutons mean what

A

More efficient the nervous system

57
Q

You can classify neurons based on what

A

Number of processes

58
Q

What neuron does not exist in human nervous system

A

Unipolar

59
Q

What are unipolar neurons

A

Has one axon and no dendrites at the body, simplest neuron

60
Q

Where does synapse occur at the unipolar neuron

A

At the body

61
Q

What are pseudounipolar neuron

A

Two processes attach to the cell body but it looks like one under light microscope

62
Q

Where do you see pseudounipolar in the body

A

General sensory systems such as pain, temp or touch

63
Q

What are bipolar neurons

A

Cell body with axon and dendrites but the processes are on opposite sides of the body

64
Q

Where are bipolar neurons found

A

In special senses such as retina of eye, auditory system or vestibular system

65
Q

What are multipolar neurons

A

Cell body and axon with more than one dendrite

66
Q

Where do you find multipolar neurons

A

Motor systems such as ventral horn of spinal cord

67
Q

What is the most numerous neurons in the human

A

Multipolar neuron due to the complexity of the nervous system

Histology (14 decks)

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