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Histology > Test Three Lymph > Flashcards

Test Three Lymph Flashcards

1
Q

Function of lymphoid tissue

A

Protect the internal environment from the invasion and damage by foreign substances

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2
Q

What is loose lymphoid tissue made of

A

Reticular cells and reticular fibers

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3
Q

Function of loose lymphoid tissue

A

Works like a net by trapping large materials but cant do anything about

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4
Q

What is dense lymphoid tissue

A

Collection of lymphocytes found in various organs that form groups

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5
Q

Function of dense lymphoid tissue

A

Allow for the destruction for foreign material

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6
Q

What is nodular lymphoid tissue

A

Represents combo of loose and dense lymphoid tissue

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7
Q

What are T cells

A

Lymphocytes associated with cellular immunity

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8
Q

What are the T cell types

A

Cytotoxic, helper, memory or suppressor

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9
Q

What are cytotoxic cells aka

A

T killer cells

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10
Q

Function of cytotoxic cells

A

Cells that are responsible for the destruction of the foreign material

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11
Q

What are helper cells

A

Secretory lymphocytes that secrete lymphokines

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12
Q

Function of lymphokines

A

Signal molecules by calling for cytotoxic cells to an area

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13
Q

What cell is implicated with HIV/AIDS

A

Helper cells

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14
Q

What are memory cells

A

Once been exposed to certain agents you are going to have T memory cells ready to destroy it, specific to previous foreign material that was in the body

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15
Q

What are suppressor cells

A

Shut down T helper cells and they no longer call for T cytotoxic cells which allows for the system to return to its resting state after infection or disease taken care of

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16
Q

Where are T cells located

A

Circulating throughout the body in the circulatory system

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17
Q

What causes B cells to become activated

A

Antigen (foreign material)

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18
Q

When B cells become activated they turn into what

A

Plasma cells

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19
Q

Plasma cells secrete what

A

Antibodies

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20
Q

Function of antibodies

A

Agglutination of cells or precipitation of soluble Ag leading to phagocytosis

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21
Q

Antigens are so small and antibodies can cause them

A

Increase in size

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22
Q

To make antigens soluble in plasma what must occur

A

Antibodies pull antigen out of solution by attaching to antibodies

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23
Q

Antibodies are also known as

A

Immunoglobulins

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24
Q

What are the five different types antibodies

A

IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgD

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25
Q

What immunoglobulin is associated with fetal immunity

A

IgG since it is a compound that can cross placenta from mom to baby

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26
Q

Function of IgG

A

Allows for protection of new born baby until its own immune system can get started up by transferring from mom to baby

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27
Q

Function fo IgA

A

Protect against various microorganisms

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28
Q

Function of IgM

A

Activates the compliment system such as lymphokines which called things to help immune system destroy foreign protein

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29
Q

Function of IgE

A

Allergic response

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30
Q

Function of IgD

A

Possible immunoglobulin activator, needed for IgA and IgE to function

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31
Q

What is the best immune system we have

A

Lymph nodules

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32
Q

Where are lymph nodules found

A

Found in the systems exposed to outside world such as respiratory, urinary and digestive

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33
Q

Lymph nodules are primarily made up of

A

Lymphocytes

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34
Q

Why do we not have a CT capsule around a lymph nodule

A

Need to have direct contact with outside material

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35
Q

Describe appearance of lymph nodule

A

Lighter staining central portion known as germinal center

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36
Q

Germinal center can indicate

A

Lymph node is working and is activated and the severity of the infection

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37
Q

The dark staining portion of the lymph node is

A

Lymphocytes

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38
Q

Lymph node is located in what

A

In isolated CT but no capsule

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39
Q

Increased infection causes what in lymph nodes

A

Increase number of germinal centers

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40
Q

Function of lymph node

A

Filtering lymph

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41
Q

What is lymph

A

Blood plasma that has left the circulatory system and has gone into the tissue spaces

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42
Q

What is blood plasma

A

Fluid that is pushed out of vessels and into tissues by arterial pressure

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43
Q

How do we recover fluid when lose fluid in blood stream

A

Recover through lymph vessels then place into venous blood creating a cycle

44
Q

What can happen when lymph moves through tissue

A

Pick up bad pathogens

45
Q

If pathogen is collected in lymph tissue what can occur if reach circulatory system

A

Pathogen is now systemic and can reach anywhere.

46
Q

When do lymph nodes become big

A

When active

47
Q

What are the two sides of a lymph node

A

Convex and concave surface

48
Q

The convex surface of lymph node contains

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels

49
Q

How does lymph get into the lymph node

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels

50
Q

From afferent lymphatic vessels lymph goes where

A

The cortex

51
Q

What is located in the cortex of the lymph node

A

B cells that are marking foreign material with immunoglobulins

52
Q

From the cortex of the node where does lymph go to

A

Paracortex

53
Q

What is located in the paracortex of the node

A

T cells, mostly cytotoxic

54
Q

From the paracortex the lymph travels where in the node

A

Medulla

55
Q

The medulla is

A

The center portion of the node

56
Q

What is located in the medulla

A

B cells, macrophages, plasma cells that secrete antibodies

57
Q

What is located on the concave surface of the lymph node

A

Efferent vessel

58
Q

What is the efferent vessel of the lymph node

A

Where lymph leaves with marked foreign material

59
Q

From efferent vessel, where can lymph travel

A

Another lymph node or venous blood

60
Q

How is the flow of the lymph node

A

One way due to afferent vessels having valves to prevent black flow

61
Q

How many filter layers in lymph node

A

Three

62
Q

Where is the blood supply of the lymph node

A

Concave area

63
Q

Function of spleen

A

Filter the blood, removes toxins and blood born pathogens, removal of old RBCs

64
Q

What are the two parts of the spleen

A

White pulp and red pulp

65
Q

What is the white pulp of the spleen

A

Associated with the immune system function and removes viruses and bacteria

66
Q

What is the red pulp of the spleen

A

Remove old RBC

67
Q

What is located in the white pulp of the spleen

A

Lymph nodules

68
Q

What makes up red pulp of the spleen

A

Bilroth’s corded, strings of cells

69
Q

What is the artery that goes through the lymph nodule of the spleen

A

Central artery

70
Q

What artery supply’s blood to the entire spleen organ

A

Splenic artery

71
Q

The splenic artery enters into the CT tissue of the spleen and divides into

A

Trabecular arteries

72
Q

What comes off the trabecular arteries in the spleen

A

Central arteries

73
Q

The central arteries run through what and are surrounded by

A

Lymphoid nodule and is surrounded by lymphocytes

74
Q

From central arteries in spleen, the artery leaves the nodule and becomes

A

Penicillar artery

75
Q

What surrounds the penicillar artery

A

Macrophages

76
Q

Once the macrophage surrounds the penicillar artery is becomes what

A

Sheathed artery and macrophage is looking for marked antibodies

77
Q

Sheathed arteries in the spleen then enter into

A

Sinusoids

78
Q

What are sinusoids

A

Modified blood vessels with increased diameter which slows blood flow down

79
Q

What occurs in sinusoids

A

Removed of old RBCs

80
Q

Sinusoids in the spleen drain into

A

Venous return

81
Q

Tonsils are found encircling what

A

Nasal and oral cavities

82
Q

Function of tonsils

A

Responsible for filtering the air and food or drink that we bring into the oral cavity

83
Q

Palatine tonsils unilateral or bilateral

A

Bilateral

84
Q

Where are palatine tonsils found

A

On each side of throat

85
Q

Palatine tonsil is made up of what crypts

A

10 to 20 crypts

86
Q

What epi is palatine tonsils made up of

A

Stratified squamous non keratin

87
Q

What type of capsule is around palatine tonsils

A

Thick capsule

88
Q

Aka of pharyngeal tonsils

A

Adenoids

89
Q

Bilateral or unilateral pharyngeal tonsil

A

Unilateral midline

90
Q

What makes up pharyngeal tonsils

A

Pleated surface with no crypts

91
Q

What type of epi in pharyngeal tonsils

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar

92
Q

What type of capsule is around pharyngeal tonsils

A

Thin

93
Q

Where are lingual tonsils found

A

Base of tongue and embedded in tongue itself

94
Q

Function of crypts in palatine tonsils

A

Increase surface area to get more lymph nodules in the tonsil

95
Q

Is there a CT capsule in lingual tonsils

A

No due to not needing it

96
Q

What is the epithelium of lingual tonsils

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

97
Q

Does the lingual tonsil contain crypts

A

Yes but only has one

98
Q

what is a major identifier of the thymus

A

No lymph nodules but contains lymphocytes

99
Q

Function of thymus

A

Primary site of where T cells are formed

100
Q

Where is the thymus found

A

Behind the manubrium and sternum

101
Q

What happens to thymus in adult

A

Contains unilocular adipose tissue and disappears

102
Q

When thymus disappears in the adult how are T cells made

A

In bone

103
Q

What is the outer part of the thymus

A

The cortex

104
Q

The cortex of the thymus is made up of

A

T cells, macrophage, reticular cells

105
Q

The inner medulla of the thymus is made up of

A

Loose lymphoid tissue and hassal’s corpuscles

106
Q

Hassal’s corpuscles are made of

A

T cells and reticular cells

107
Q

The thymus contains what type of capsule

A

Dense CT capsule with trabeculae

Histology (14 decks)

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