Test Three GI Glands Flashcards
The pancreas is what type of gland
Mixed exocrine and endocrine gland
What is in the exocrine part of the pancreas
Acinar glands with serous secretory units
The acinar glands and serous secretory units contain what in the pancreas
Zymogen granules at their apex which contain digestive enzymes
Where are the enzymes from the pancreas released
Duodenum
The endocrine portion of the pancreas secretes
Hormones including insulin and glucagon
What ducts are present in the serous secretory units of the pancreas
Intercalated ducts and interlobular ducts
The endocrine portion of the pancreas is made up of what
Islets of langerhans
Describe islets of langerhans
Polygonal cells separate by a network of capillaries and reticular fibers
What cells are located in the islet of langerhans
B cells, A cells and D cells
What cell is the most numerous in the islet of langerhans
B cells
What cells in the islet of langerhans makes up insulin and secretes insulin
Beta cells
Where do you find B cells in the islet of langerhans
Center of islet
Function of alpha cell in islets of langerhans
Create glucagon which has opposite effect of insulin
Function of delta cells in islet of langerhans
Parent cell of alpha and beta cells
Function of liver
Major filter of blood, major storage site of sugar, make bile
Divide the liver into what two lobes
Hepatic lobule and portal lobule
Describe hepatic lobule
Hexagon shaped structure and at each angle there is the hepatic triad
What is in the hepatic triad
Portal vein, branch of hepatic artery, and branch of bile duct
Portal vein is lined with
Simple squamous
Branch of hepatic artery is lined with
Simple squamous with thick smooth muscle
The branch of the bile duct is lined with
Simple cuboidal
What is in the middle of the hepatic lobule
Central vein
What is in between the hepatic triad and central vein
Liver cells
How does hepatic lobule works
Blood runs from triad to central vein and runs through liver cells where it is filtered and pull out sugar for storage
Hepatocytes in the hepatic lobule contain
Sinusoids
In the hepatic lobule sinusoids what is found
Kuppfer cells which are macrophages
Describe portal lobule
Triangular and at each angle there is a central vein and in the middle is the triad
What are hepatic acini
Functional divisions showing cellular damage
What cells are most likely to be damage
Cells closest to triad
What is zone one of hepatic acini
Closest to triad, highest cellular damage
What occurs at zone 2 of hepatic acini
Moderate cellular damage but decrease concentration from zone one
What is zone three of hepatic acini
No damage to slight damage of cells
Function of hepatocyte
Same function as the liver
Shape of hepatocyte
Polygons with round nucleons in center of cell
Whenever hepatocytes come in contact with each other they form
Tubular spaces called bile canaliculi
The surface of the hepatocytes faces
The space of Disse containing numerous microvilli
How are hepatocytes held together when next to each other
Tight junctions
How are hepatocytes held together at space of Disse
Gap junctions
What is in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte
Granules containing glycogen and lipid droplets
Hepatocyte uses micro bodies and mitochondria to turn toxic bilirubin into
Bilirubin glucuronide
What are the two sources of blood in the hepatocyte
Portal vein and hepatic artery
Function of portal vein in hepatocyte
High concentrations of nutrients since coming from GI tract
Function of hepatic artery in hepatocytes
High in O2 and keeping liver cells alive
The two blood sources in the hepatocytes flow into each other to create
Sinusoids
As blood flows from the two sources, the hepatocytes are able to do what
Take out sugar and toxins
What are the two sides of the hepatocyte cell
Filter side and bile side
Function of kupffer cell
Macrophage, looks for pathogens to remove and destroy
Function of gallbladder
Store and concentrate bile but pulling out water
Mucosa of gallbladder lined with
Simple columnar with microvilli
The lamina propria of the gallbladder contains
A lot of folds to increase surface area
What muscle is located in the gallbladder
Smooth
Does the gallbladder contain cells that can secrete mucous
Yes
What is outside the smooth muscle of the gallbladder
Layer of perimuscular CT with a serosa
