Test Two ~ Ch. 6-10

Question 0

Bedouin culture

Answer 0

on Arabia peninsula. nomadic - clan based groups

Question 1

Meaning/background of Islam

Answer 1

Islam = submission. to Allah submit to his will. One who has submitted- Mulish. Middle East, Arabia - Bedouins Muhammad. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all came from same place

Question 2

Bedouin inter-clan rivalry

Answer 2

fight over resources- water, herding land

Question 3

Ka’ba

Answer 3

Pre-Islamic religion. animistic and polytheistic. Site of an annual truce

Question 4

Muhammad’s revelation

Answer 4

610 Gabriel sows up to bring message to muhammad about religion for bedouins peoples. Written in the quarn

Question 5

Ummayyads response to Islam

Answer 5

In charge of Mecca. felt threaten about new religion. kick muhammad out- moved to Midena - Hijrah

Question 6

Islam in relation to other monotheistic religions

Answer 6

Islam pulls characters and ideas from Judaism and Christianity, allowing it to be easier to convert

Question 7

Five pillars

Answer 7

The duties of followers of Islam. Confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj

Question 8

Result of Muhammad’s death

Answer 8

Caliph- rightly guided, deputy caring out the will of Muhammad, relatives. Last one- Ali - son-in-law got murdered

Question 9

Umayyad Capitol

Answer 9

Demascus- change in the way things are going to be done. Caliph’s no longer second in command. Now first- emperors with luxury. Mecca religious capital.

Question 10

Malawi

Answer 10

Non-Arab converts to Islam. Second class. slightly more taxes than the first class.

Question 11

Classes in Early Islam

Answer 11

1. Arab born in religion
2. Mawali
3. dhimmi

Question 12

Umayyad attitude toward other religion

Answer 12

Accepted them, but now in not in the same class and social status. Now they have stricter tax code.

Question 13

Abbasid capital

Answer 13

Baghadd

Question 14

Caliph al-Mhadi’s succession problem

Answer 14

He did not provide a clear sucessor.

Question 15

The Thousands and One Nights

Answer 15

the luxury & intrigue of Harun’s court have been immortalized into tales

Question 16

al-Rashid’s precedent for Persian advisors

Answer 16

He became heavily dependent on a family of Persian advisors & set the trend

Question 17

Personal armies in Abasid rule

Answer 17

the real power behind the throne. won you the right to rule

Question 18

Abbasid attitude toward salvery

Answer 18

unskilled labor. served caliphs. possible to become free/powerful

Question 19

Slejuk Turks

Answer 19

Nomadic invaders from Asia. Grew in power & influnce. attacked Baghadd in 1055

Question 20

First Crusade

Answer 20

Capture of Jeruslem. Europe won because of surprise attack. They lose control less than 100 years later.

Question 21

Saladin

Answer 21

Muslim general that recaptures the land that was lost in the first Crusade.

Question 22

Impact of Crusades on the Europe

Answer 22

A LOT of cultural contact. Resurgence of learning new knowledge. Since they didn’t have a lot of old history because it is in the Middle East- find it. Started the Renaissance.

Question 23

Impact of Crusades on Islam

Answer 23

Had little impact. they were already advanced in knowledge and culture.

Question 24

Language adopted by Abbasid court

Answer 24

Persian. almost replaces Arabic- religious language.

Question 25

Stateless societies

Answer 25

In Africa. lacked political concentration. organized around kinship with a group of elders.

Question 26

First African region converted to Islam by 700 AD

Answer 26

North Africa- has contact with religion.

Question 27

Almoravids/Almohadis

Answer 27

Two Islamic reform movements in Northern Africa. Burgur- first to convert and spread it south

Question 28

Ethiopia

Answer 28

Only christian country - axum

Question 29

Sahel

Answer 29

grasslands south of Sahara. Sahel means coastline of desert

Question 30

Sundiata

Answer 30

"The Lion Prince" founded the Mali empire - the Malinke

Question 31

Griots

Answer 31

"keepers of tradition". traditional record keepers- storytellers. become key advisors to Mali kings.

Question 32

Muslim slave trade in Africa

Answer 32

they looked for household jobs, beauty, intellegence to bring back to Abbasid empire. New point of contact- converted to culture and Islam

Question 33

Institution of slavery in Muslim society

Answer 33

adopted Islam and culture

Question 34

Culture of East African trade ports

Answer 34

Trade in Indian Ocean by Arab coast of Africa. Transmitting language and religion. Bantu people speak Swahili- combo of Bantu language and Arab merchants

Question 35

Byzantine Empire

Answer 35

Eastern half of Rome. Eastern Orthodox Christian. Linked more to the Silk Road, traded luxury.

Question 36

Russia's Relationship to Byzantines

Answer 36

Byzantine spread their religion through trade. Blamer- prince of Kevia choose byzantine religion. Culture and language makes connection. "Third Rome" to continue the legacy of Rome

Question 37

Constaninople

Answer 37

Capital of Byzantine empire. established by Constantine

Question 38

Hagia Sophia

Answer 38

Church in Constanople- largest church in the Christain world with the largest dome in the world

Question 39

Official language of Byzantine Empire

Answer 39

Greek. Eastern half- Greek was common so it became the official.

Question 40

Justinian's camaign to reunite Rome

Answer 40

wanted to reunite Rome to its formal glory. not successful :(

Question 41

Basil II

Answer 41

Byzatine emperor- waged a lot of war against Bulger. "Hammer of the Bulgers"(him) bet them.

Question 42

Greek Fire

Answer 42

Byzantine weapon- mixtures of chemicals that ignite in water. Used against Ottoman Empire.

Question 43

Hellenism in Byzantine culture

Answer 43

Greek culture & artistic trend cause of Alexander the Great

Question 44

Meaning of the Middle Ages

Answer 44

time between the Fall of Rome and the Reniancance

Question 45

Vikings

Answer 45

Scandinavian raiders. Fuatalism emerges- political & social order

Question 46

Manorialism

Answer 46

agreement with peasents and landlords- tied to the land for protection

Question 47

Serfs

Answer 47

farmers who lived on landlord's land & in return gave some of the crop to him

Question 48

Moldboard

Answer 48

plow that allowed to cultivate deeper into the ground- easier for peasants

Question 49

Clovis

Answer 49

Early Frank king accepted Christianity to gain more power against the pagan regional rulers. starts wave of Christianity

Question 50

Benedict of Nursia

Answer 50

writer of "The Rule" - rules of the monk life

Question 51

Carolingian Dynasty

Answer 51

The Franks royal family that took over France in the 8 century. Charles Martel fought back against Muslim advance. Charles the great first Holy Roman Empire- largest empire since Rome

Question 52

Feudalism and vassals

Answer 52

F: Linked military elites (vassals), mostly landlords, who could not afford the horses and iron. V: lesser lords that require protection from the F. Lords-vassals(used to be knights)-serfs

Question 53

Fourth Crusade

Answer 53

lead by merchants in Venice attacked Constantinople- economic. Leads to the end of them