Test Four ~ Ch. 16-20 Flashcards
Mercantilism
Economic theory that gov. promoted of limits of imports. More trade within for better tax revenue- 17&1800s in Europe.
Renaissance
First in Italy. Then moved north to France, Low Countries, England, & Germany- more religion. Art, litature, religion.
Portuguese Exploration Initiative
Excitement of discovery, the harm they might cause to the Muslims, and the wealth they would gain
Prince Henry
Portuguese prince responsible for direction of series of expeditions of the African coast in 1500s. Marked the beginning of western exploration. Didn’t go out, but made school to teach others. Get down the india. De Gama made it to India 1498. Diez made it to tip.
Initial British Expeditions
Wanted to discover northwest passage to reach India- ran into North America. Portugal owns who gets into India cause they own the tip of Africa. Northwest passage exist, but in ice.
Brazil
World lead sugar producer. Founded by Portuguese blown off course. Half of population slaves. Example for Caribbean colonies. Cabral finds it.
The Spice Islands
Orginally owned by Portugal. Indonesia and Mayalsia. Megium circum navigated the world. Dutch barter for islands. Cinnamon- cuts your hands off.
Magellan Expidtions
Traveled around the whole world, claimed the Philippians(trading hub for China) for Spain. Died during the voyage. First voyage around the world. 1519-1521. Only Spain there
Columbian exchange
Foods- new world, disease, and people, ideas, animals- new world. All over the world. Not just America, Asia too.
East Indian companies
Dutch(spice islands) and British(India) had monopolies of trade. Could raise armies and make money of their own. Private contractors. Must fly under a flag otherwise you’re a pirate :)
Battle of lepanto.
Reaction of ottomans. Forcing them back to trade on land. Venice and Genoa fleet Vatican fleet- pope’s fleet. Spain had few ships in their too. Ottomen lose their power.
Nagasaki
Only port that is open in Japan. Only Dutch can come in cause they don’t make them change relgion or culture, just making money.
Humanism
Focus on humankind study. Studying classic lit. Stressed by Italian Renissance, no merge of bible and lit. Study of human indivuality.
Gutenberg
Bring Chinese tech to Europe. First printing press. Faster way to get news and info out to people. No longer copying by hand. 95 thesis traveled on press
European family style
Access to property, food, steady jobs? Started to family plan before getting married. Later marry age.
Protestant reformation
Started with 95 thesis. Martin Luther hated priest told pple what was in the bible, but wasn’t. Priest told lies to get money/good works and were mislead to rebuild St. Pete’s in Rome.
Marin Luther
German monk. Started Protestant reformation. Wants to make the church look at what was wrong with church. Luther church founded after exiled.
Henry the 8
Wanted a male heir. Pope wouldn’t let him remarry. Breaks away from Catholic Church. King puts himself in charge of Anglican Church(church of England)
Calvinism
Jean Calvin. Predestination- god has predetermined who gets in to Switzerland. John nox made preperterian chruch in Scotland
Jesuits
Trying to get rid of pple against Catholic Church. Promote catholic version. Want to be the first to tell Indians about catholic
Abolsutism
Notion of leader who has advisors, but doesn’t have to listen to them. Louie 14 is ex. Parliament- estate general. Comasnt warfare to prove he is powerful. Uses lots of $. Versailles palace.
Louie 14
Paranoid. Make them live in palace to keep check. Middle class spy on noble. See absolutism
Moscow/Ivan 3/Third Rome
Moscow became capital after Mongols. Ivan the great- prince of Moscow, doesn’t pay taxes. Mongols are challenged and leave we out fight. Ivan becomes Zhar(mention to Ceaser). Princes responsible for taxes/tribute. First- Rome, second- Byzantine, Third- Russia
Romanovs
Ivan dynasty, next Micheal Romanovs dynasty started to up to 1970 Nichols 2
Peter the Great
Romanovs, conquest to Baltic Sea. Tried to link Russia with Europe. Went to war with Sweden. St. Pete’s becomes capital. Big westernization polics. Peter wanted to change the outlook on Russia. Missed renaissance, reformation. Armies, women roles, edu.
Coercive Labor in Russia
Forced labor in Russia. Serfdom- don’t get rid of. Russia can’t get rid of cause they are agricultural society. Have to have cheap labor. Don’t touch serfdom cause the whole economy focuses on that
Paganism of Poland
Austria and Prussia(rivals), Russia alliance- go against Poland. Take them off the map until WWI.
Enlightenment
After science revolution. Applying logic and reason to social world. Studying society, politically and socially. Rational law can explain behavior. Affect of American revolution, French Revolution- rebelling against absolute monarch- death of monarchs- becomes too bloody, abolishmish of slavery,
Chinese exploration
Ming- Yonglow, 7 Expidtions, roots in mongol conquest, not a lot of Indian Ocean, more Silk Road. Muslim leader- zheng he. Stopped because it gave too much power to merchants- confusion.
Core nations
Nationals that are usually on Europe, gone through exploration, colonies bring back raw materials. People that own colonies
Coreicive labor, Mita system
Slaves, serfdom. Inca system, pay labor to gov instead of taxes. Spanish took it and make it towards Spain gov. Encomienda system- slave trade with Africa
De Las Casas
Priest, leader of Indian rights- conversion of pple. Conquestador then priest
Explorers
Cal brawl- portugese, found Brazil. Coertez- Spain, Aztecs, gets ally with neighbors and take down, smallpox. Piazoro- Cuzco, incas, captures Aldo wapa for gold and then murders him, Lima new capital
American population loss
Diseases*, conquest, warfare, overwork,
*#1 factor.
Peru mercury and silver mine
Mercury pulls silver out of ore. Potosi- silver mine- Spain’s Hualcavlica -mercury mine Spain’s . Minsagerais- Portuguese gold mine- Brazil
Spanish convoy system
Warships escort them around the world
Portugese trade forts
Ports that hold slave, rum, other goods
Chirstian conversion in Africa
Congo, Benin- portugese are traders. Remain key trade partners, not slaves
William
Member of parliament. 1807 got rid of slave in England
Indies piece
Valuable type of slave. Strong, young man
Triangluar trade
Raw got Europe. Middle passage, longest passage. Slaves 12 million. 2 million didn’t survive journey. Brazil got most
Impact of slave trade on Africa
Ratio guys to girls unbalanced. Men were more wanted for slaves. More Christian conversions. Introduction of firearms- increase in warfare.
