Dates Part IV Flashcards
1390
Ming restricts oversea trade.. losing confusion and is going against the beliefs of China because merchants are having too much power against scholar-genty. Need to protect Chinese culture.
1368
Ming dynasty.. 7 Expidtions for bout 30 yrs- Yonglo. Right after Mongol rule. Founder went from a peasant uprising to emperor.
1434-1498
Portugese exploration.. Heavy taxed by ottoman. Getting rid of middle men- ottomans. They found another way to get to Asia. In beginning chart Africa. In end, de Gama rounded cape of good hope. Landed in Calicut. Used silver to bring back the first items instead of European goods
1441
European slave trade.. Portuguese first start, then others follow.
1492
Columbus.. Looking for a different way to Asia. Columbian exchange- culture, goods, diease. Portuguese send him out,get he best- gold and silver and cash crops- sugar.
1498-1499
Vasco de Gama Open up European trade in Asia.. Turn toward silver to pay for goods. Introduce silver, crops from new world, war and violence- take things by force,
1500-1600
Europe’s commercial revolution.. Atlantic trade system- get raw goods from new world, manufaction goods, trade. It makes the economy stable, more jobs in cities, pay better. Pronto-industrial. Eastern stays agricultural, don’t get colonies.
1501-1510
Safavid conquest of Iran.. Shia group- have to be descends of Muhammad- Sons of Ali, strict view of Koran. View Sunni as threat, tried to invade them. Imams- lost descents of Muhammad
1517-1541
Protestant reformation.. Martin Luther- 95 thesis, wittenburg, Germany. Protestant- legalize divorce- Henry the 8. Lutheran- John Calvin- Switzerland. Disagree with catholic. Faith gets u in, good works gets u in(catholic). Indulgence- pay to get in. Fundraising to replace st. Pete’s in Rome. Printing press spreads ideas- cheap bibles. Learn for yourself. Catholic start Jesuits bring pple back then set up schools
1519-1521
Magellan circumnavigated the globe.. Spain sends him out. Trying to prove there is a route to Asia heading west. Went around S.A. And claimed Philippines for Spain- sugar, catholic, Chinese came- close. Starts global flow of silver. China is demanding silver only for goods.
1519-1524
Cortes conquered Mexico.. Even though he didn’t have #s 1. United the neighbors and fought against them. 2. Smallpox starts to kill Aztecs. 3. More technology- weapons- firearms.
1533
Pizarro conquered Peru.. Incas. Kidnapped inca ruler- atahualpa. Ransomed him for 3 rooms of gold and silver. Got the money and killed him anyway. Became new emperor. Mita- labor tax- continued ups demand- inslaves N.A. Became feudalism for new world. Massive silver mine
1552
Russia begins expansion in central Asia & western Serbia.. Eastern half of empire. Peter went west. New shift in thinking. Russia expands to get to markets in east. Sets up for future conflict with China and Japan.
1571
Ottoman defeat of naval of Lapanto.. Ottomans were losing out on trade & $. Instigate war with Spain, pope’s navy, & Genoa & Venice. Destroy navies to turn back to land and control med. Signals the end of ottomans power.
1590
Hide|yoshi unifies Japan.. Shogun- military leader. Completes unification process of japn. Slowly ending feudalism. Begins centralization of Japan.
1600
Dutch & British merchants begin activity in India.. East India companies- joint-stock companies, can function as country, wage war, draft laws. Mughal declines working internally to take country from India. Dutch control cinnamon. Cotton textiles, salt, tea,
1600-1690
Scientific revolution.. Study of stars/planets for navigation- Copernicus and Galio- heliocentric. Lead to spirit of incury. Apply ?s to society- enlightenment- finding rules of society- John Locke- life, liberty, property. Laying foundation for revolutions.
1603
Tokugawa shogunate.. Portuguese come and trade- firearms and Jesuits- lots of problems for poltical and socail- everyone’s equal. Exclusive religious practice. Weakens political structure of Japan. Closed country edict. Everyone except Dutch. Nagosiki.
1405-1433
Chinese Expidtions.. Muslim- zheng he- leader. Hoped to get trade contacts. Revive trade in Indian Ocean. Closed cause too much foreign influence, merchants too much power, scholar-genty losing power- claim that it’s spending too much $- could protect walls, army, ect.
