Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physiology > Test Review Sheet 1 > Flashcards

Test Review Sheet 1 Flashcards

1
Q

understand what physiology is

A

the study of how the human body functions with an emphasis on specific cause and effect mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the basics to the scientific method

A
  • confidence that the natural world including ourselves, is ultimately explainable in terms we can understand
  • descriptions and explanations of the natural world that are honestly based on observations and that could be modified or refuted by other observations
  • humility, or the willingness to accept the fact that we could be wrong, if further study should yield conclusions that refuted all or part of an idea, the idea would have to be modified accordingly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

negative feedback loops

A

a response mechanisms that serves to maintain a state of internal consistency, or homeostasis. Effectors are activated by changes in the internal environment and the inhibitory actions of the effectors serve to counteract these changes and maintains a state of balance
ex: blood sugar regulation, thermoregulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

positive feedback loops

A

the action of effectors amplifies those changes that stimulated the effectors
ex: blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sensors

A

detect a change in the body and send information to the integrating center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

effectors

A

a collective term for muscles and glands that are activated by motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

integrating center

A

decides whether to cause an increase or decrease in effector action to counter the deviations from the set point and defend homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the order of organization in our bodies

A

cell, tissue. organ, organ system, organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the main tissue types and functions

A

skeletal tissue
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which muscles are involuntary

A

cardiac and smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which muscles are voluntary

A

skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are neuroglia

A

provide the neurons with structural support and perform a variety of functions that are needed for the normal physiology of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

endocrine glands

A

secrete chemicals called hormones into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete chemicals through a duct that leads to the outside of a membrane, and thus outside of a body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are all the organ systems

A 
integumentary 
muscular 
skeletal 
nervous
circulatory 
lymphatic 
respiratory 
endocrine 
urinary/excretory 
reproductive 
digestive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

atom

A

are the smallest units of the chemical elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

proton

A

positively charged particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

neutron

A

neutrally charged particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

electron

A

negatively charged particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mass number

A

the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

valance electrons

A

the electrons in the outer shell of the element

23
Q

hydrophilic

A

water loving (polar)

24
Q

hydrophobic

A

water-fearing (non polar)

25
Q

ionic bond

A

results when one or more valance electrons from one atom are completely transferred to a second atom.

26
Q

covalent bond

A

results when atoms share their valance electrons

27
Q

hydrogen bond

A

when a hydrogen atom forms a polar covalent bond with an atom of oxygen or nitrogen, the hydrogen gains a slight positive charge, it will have a weak attraction for a second electronegative atom (oxygen or nitrogen) that may be located near it

28
Q

acidic

A

a solution with a higher H+ concentration than water

29
Q

pH scale range

A

0 to 14

30
Q

buffers

A

a system of molecules and ions that act to prevent changes in H+ concentration and thus stabilizes the pH of a solution

31
Q

what are the 4 main subcategories of organic compounds and their building blocks and structure

A

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids

32
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

process of joining two molecules together following the removal of water

33
Q

hydrolysis

A

the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water

34
Q

catabolism

A

breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy

35
Q

anabolism

A

the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy

36
Q

what is glycogen

A

a polysaccharide which forms glucose

37
Q

where is glycogen stored

A

liver

38
Q

when is glycogen formed

A

hydrolysis

39
Q

properties and functions of lipids

A

include storing energy, signaling, and acting as a structural components of cell membranes

40
Q

properties and functions of triglycerides

A

store energy for later use

41
Q

properties and functions of phospholipids

A

comprise cellular membranes, regulate certain cellular processes, and posses both stabilizing and dynamic qualities that can aid in drug delivery

42
Q

how many amino acids are there

A

20

43
Q

four structures of proteins

A

primary
secondary
tetiary
quatemary

44
Q

structural differences between DNA and RNA

A

DNA: deoxyribose and phosphate backbone;
AGCT
RNA: ribose and phosphate backbone; AGCU

45
Q

what is the human genome

A

23 chromosomes

46
Q

anion

A

negatively charged ion

47
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion

48
Q

ions

A

atoms with positive or negative charges

49
Q

basic (alkaline)

A

a solution with a lower H+ concentration than water

50
Q

building blocks of proteins

A

amino acid

51
Q

building blocks of lipids

A

fatty acid

52
Q

building blocks of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides

53
Q

building blocks of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

physiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions