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physiology > jeopardy test 2 > Flashcards

jeopardy test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

cell membranes __

a. consists entirely of protein molecules
b. are impermeable to fat-soluble substances
c. contain amphipathic phospholipid molecules
d. have a stable composition throughout the life of the cell

A

c. contain amphipathic phospholipid molecules

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2
Q

the purpose of the microvilli on the surface of the cell membrane is to

a. enable the cell to move
b. allow the movement of substances across the cel surface
c. provide a greater surface area
d. enable the cell to engulf solid particles

A

c. provide a greater surface area

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3
Q

cholesterol is taken up into the cell by

a. pinocytosis
b. phagocytosis
c. receptor-medicated endocytosis
d. phagocytosis

A

c. receptor-mediated endocytosis

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4
Q

the plasma membrane structure is asymmetric because

a. the phospholipids are randomly arranged
b. glycolipids make up the outer layer whereas the phospholipids make up the inner layer
c. cholesterol makes up the inner layer
d. glycolipids appear only on the extracellular side of the cell membrane

A

d. glycolipids appear only on the extracellular side of the cell membrane

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5
Q

in general, polar molecules pass through the lipid bilayer more rapidly than do non polar molecules. This statement is

a. true
b. false. non polar molecules pass through more rapidly because much of the bilayer is non polar
c. false. Polar molecules move through less rapidly because the bilayer is polar throughout its width
d. false. the passage of non polar and polar molecules through the bilayer is the same as long as the molecules are the same size

A

b. false. non polar molecules pass through more rapidly because much of the bilayer is non polar

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6
Q

cells that are primarily responsible for the storage of calcium most likely possess a large amount of well developed ____

A

smooth ER

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7
Q

spindle apparatus is made of cytoskeletal structures called _____

A

microtubules

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8
Q

which of the following organelle-to-function relationships is incorrect?

a. Golgi apparatus: protein processing
b. nucleus : storage of genetic information
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum: site off protein packaging
d. mitochondrion: energy production

A

c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum: site of protein packaging

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9
Q

cell A produces proteins. Cell B synthesizes steroids. What differences would be expected in these two cells?
a. cell A would have more rough endoplasmic reticulum than cell B
b. Cell A would have more smooth endoplasmic reticulum than cell B
C. cell A would have more mitochondrion aria than cell B
D. cell A would have more peroxisomes than cell B

A

A.Cell A would have more rough endoplasmic reticulum than cell B

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10
Q

The DNA within the ______ contains the genes that code for the production of ribosomal RNA

A

nucleolus

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11
Q

This double-stranded RNA called ______ is formed from either the transcription of a segment of two complementary DNA strands or from double-stranded RNA produced by a virus inside the host cell and silences the production of protein

A

siRNA

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12
Q

which of the following statements is incorrect about microRNA (miRNA) molecule?

a. its other name is short interfering RNA (siRNA)
b. it could promote or prevent cancer
c. tumor cells produce fewer miRNA
d. it suppresses expression of specific genes by interfering with translation

A

a. its other name is short interfering RNA (siRNA)

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13
Q

A short interfering RNA (siRNA which is complementary to an mRNA will prevent that mRNA from being ____ and thus causing _____ of the mRNA

A

translated, silencing

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14
Q

The codon that corresponds to the DNA sequence G-T-A is ____

A

C-A-U

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15
Q

The segments of primary mRNA that are cleaved off by spliceosomes are called _____

A

introns

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16
Q

The structure labeled A in this illustration is a ____. Transcription causes structure A to become structure B called ______. Removal of introns results in a new structure labeled C called _____.

A

DNA
pre mRNA
mRNA

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17
Q

The interphase of the cell life cycle is divided into ___, __, and __

A

G1, S, G2

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18
Q

If a cell lacked to enzyme DNA polymerase, the cell could not
a. produce proteins
b. form spindle fibers
c. link pieces of DNA together
D. form a new nuclear membrane during telophase

A

C. link pieces of DNA together

19
Q 
Generally, cells with slower mitotic rates 
A. are step cells 
B. do not exhibit cytokinesis 
C. have longer life spans 
D. are reproductive cells
A

C. have longer life spans

20
Q

What is the correct sequence cell life cycle of somatic cell

A

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis

21
Q

A ___ is a chemical that increases the rate of a reaction but does not change itself at the end of the reaction or change the nature of the reaction or its final result

A

catalyst

22
Q

the interaction between the substrate and the enzyme,e is called _____________ model

A

lock and key

23
Q

temporary bonds between the amino acids lining the active site and the substrate ____ (weaken or strengthen) the existing bonds within the substrate molecule and allow them to be easily broken

A

weaken

24
Q

Coenzymes are

a. organic molecules derived from water-soluble vitamins
b. organic molecules derived from fat-soluble vitamins
c. metal ions
d. enzymes that work together

A

a. organic molecules derived from water-soluble vitamins

25
Q

the enzyme involved in the reaction H2CO3 –> H20 + CO2 is ______

A

carbonic anhydrase

26
Q

The lab results of a patient with chest pain has an elevated crenate phosphatase level. It is possible that the patient is suffering from ____

A

heart attack (myocardial ischemia)

27
Q

which enzyme is responsible for dehydration synthesis

A

synthase

28
Q

which enzyme is responsible for hydrolysis

A

hydrolase

29
Q

which enzyme is responsible for the removal of phosphate

A

phosphatase

30
Q

which enzyme is responsible for rearranging atoms within their substrates

A

Isomerase

31
Q

which enzyme is responsible for the removal of hydrogen atoms

A

Dehydrogenase

32
Q

which enzyme is responsible for adding a phosphate group

A

kinase

33
Q

The ____ changes the conformation of the active site, allowing for a better fit between the enzyme and its substrates

A

cofactor

34
Q

When the relationship between substrate concentration and reaction rate reaches a plateau of maximum velocity, the enzyme is said to be ______

A

saturated

35
Q

Which of the following statements is not true of enzymes?
A. Reactions continue at a slow rate without the enzyme
B. Heat raises the energy level of reactant molecules thus making reactions go faster
C. Heat also produces undesirable side effects in cells
D. Reactions cannot occur without the enzyme

A

D. Reactions cannot occur without the enzyme

36
Q

Activation of pancreatic zymogens occurs in the _____. This process protects _____ from self digestion

A

small intestinal lumen

pancreatic cells

37
Q

The blood glucose levels are regulated between meals by the activation and inactivation of enzymes and is achieved by the process of ______/______.

A

phosphorylation/dephosphorylation

38
Q

A sequence of enzymatic reactions that begins with an initial substrate, progression through a number of intermediates, and ends with a final product is known as a _______

A

metabolic pathway

39
Q

The activities of enzymes at the branch points of metabolic pathways are often regulated by a process called _______

A

end product inhibition

40
Q

A mechanism by which a final product inhibits an earlier enzyme,atic step in its pathway is known as _____ inhibition

A

allosteric

41
Q

Nicotinamider adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are coenzymes that serve as _____ carriers

A

hydrogen

42
Q

Which of the statements about ATP is false?

a. the bond joining ADP and the third phosphate is a high-energy bond
b. the formation of ATP is coupled to energy - requiring reactions
c. the conversion of ATP to ADP and Pi provides energy
d. ATP is the universal energy carrier of the cell

A

B. the formation of ATP is coupled to energy requiring reactions

43
Q

____ is the final electron acceptor in a chain of oxidation- reduction reactions that provide energy for ATP production

A

Hydrogen

44
Q

Free energy of a system decreases as its entropy increases. This

a. is part of the first law of thermodynamics
b. is part of the second law of thermodynamics
c. explains why we need the continued input of the chemical bond energy in food molecules
d. is both A and C
e. is both B and C

A

e. is both B and C

physiology (9 decks)

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