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physiology > practice test 1 > Flashcards

practice test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following is NOT an example of homeostasis:

a. maintaining body temperature by sweating
b. maintaining blood pH by hyperventilating
c. maintaining blood glucose levels by releasing insulin
d. maintain body temperature by putting on a hooded sweatshirt

A

D.) maintain body temperature by putting on a hooded sweatshirt

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2
Q

which of the following is TRUE of positive feedback?:

a. the change sensed by the sensor is amplified
b. the effector turns off the response
c. positive feedback mechanisms are independent of negative feedback loops
d. the change has the opposite action of negative feedback

A

A.) the change sensed by the sensor is amplified

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3
Q

which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?:

a. forms membranes that protect organs from friction
b. forms glands that secrete substances
c. moves materials over surface by ciliary action
d. all of the choices are correct

A

D.) all of the choices are correct

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4
Q

what type of tissue is found in the dermis of the skin?:

a. connective tissue
b. nervous tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. all choices are primary tissue types are found in the dermis of the skin

A

D.) all choices are primary tissue types are found in the dermis of the skin

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5
Q

what type of tissue makes up the epidermis of the skin:

a. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
b. loose connective tissue
c. simple columnar epithelium
d. dense regular connective tissue

A

A.) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

Which type of epithelium primarily lines the respiratory passageways:

a. simple squamous
b. stratified squamous
c. simple columnar
d. pseudo stratified columnar

A

d. pseudo stratified columnar

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7
Q

What is blood classified as?:

a. epithelial tissue
b. connective tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. nerve tissue

A

b. connective tissue

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8
Q

Regarding the set point of a negative feedback loop, which of the following statements is false?

a. it is determined by the activity of effectors
b. regulatory mechanisms are activated when there are deviations from the set point
c. sensors are activated by deviations from the set point
d. internal conditions vary around the set point

A

a. it is determined by the activity of effectors

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9
Q

which of the following is a result of a positive feedback mechanism

a. maintenance of a normal blood pressure
b. the activation of blood clotting factors
c. maintenance of a constant body temperature
d. maintenance of a normal blood glucose concentration

A

b. the activation of blood clotting factors

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10
Q

the sympathetic nervous system can increase heart rate, while the parasympathetic nervous system can decrease heart rate. This is an example of which of the following?

a. complementary effectors
b. permissive effectors
c. antagonistic effectors
d. dualistic effectors

A

c. antagonistic effectors

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11
Q

which of the following statements is false regarding sweating as a homeostatic mechanism?

a. it helps to cool the body
b. it is activated when the body gets temperature rises
c. it is dependent on positive feedback
d. it is reduced as the body temperature declines

A

c. it is dependent on positive feedback

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12
Q

a decrease in insulin secretion and an increase in glucagon secretion ____

a. occurs during fasting
b. occurs when eating carbohydrates
c. helps to lower the blood glucose concentration
d. stimulates the pancreatic islets

A

a. occurs during fasting

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13
Q

which of the following is classified as nervous tissue?

a. neutrons only
b. neuroglia only
c. neurons and neuroglia
d. neurons, neuroglia, and myocardial cells

A

c. neurons and neuroglia

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14
Q

in a negative feedback loop, a change from a set point ____

a. helps to maintain homeostasis
b. occurs in all negative feedback mechanisms
c. can be the result of positive feedback mechanisms
d. never occurs in the body

A

c. can be the result of positive feedback mechanisms

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15
Q

which of the following types of organic molecules is most abundant in a potato?

a. monosaccharides
b. disaccharides
c. polysaccharides
d. glycogen

A

c. polysaccharides

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16
Q

the bond between adjacent amino acids is a(n)__

a. amino bond
b. peptide bond
c. covalent bond
d. ionic bond
e. peptide and covalent bond

A

e. peptide and covalent bond

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17
Q

what types of reaction overs during protein synthesis to produce the primary structure of a protein?

a. hydrolysis
b. ionic
c. dehydration synthesis
d. combustion

A

c. dehydration synthesis

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18
Q

if the body was incapable of performing dehydration synthesis on carbohydrates, ___ couldn’t be formed

a. frutose
b. fatty acids
c. lactose
d. amino acids

A

c. lactose

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19
Q

the general formula for all carbohydrates is___

a. CnOn
b. H2O
c. 2CnHnOn
d. CnH2nOn

A

d. CnH2nOn

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20
Q

two monosaccharides can be joined in a covalent bond to form a(n)___

a. polysaccharide
b. oligosaccharide
c. glycosaccharide
d. disaccharide

A

d. disaccharide

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21
Q

the sequence of amino acids and the structure of a given protein is determined by

a. the formation of water molecules
b. hydrophobic amino acids in the protein
c. the amount of collagen fibers
d. genetic information

A

d. genetic information

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22
Q

in which type of reaction are water molecules split off as peptide bonds are formed

a. glycolysis
b. hydrolysis
c. lipolysis
d. dehydration synthesis

A

d. dehydration synthesis

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23
Q

three major types of RNA molecules that function in the cytoplasm of cells include ___

a. tRNA, uRNA, cRNA
b. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
c. dRNA, rRNA, mRNA
d. uRNA,tRNA,mRNA

A

b. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

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24
Q

identify the complimentary DNA strand to ATTCGA

A

TAAGCT

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25
Q

The most abundant molecule in the body is

a. H2O
b. CH4
c. NH3
d. CO

A

a. H2O

26
Q

Physiology ____

a. emphasizes cause and effect mechanisms
b. includes the fields of chemistry and psychology
c. ignores the scientific method
d. ultimately strives to understand the structures of individual cells

A

a. emphasizes cause and effect mechanisms

27
Q

in a feedback loop, the integrating center send information to the ___

a. sensor
b. effector
c. brain region
d. thermostat

A

b. effector

28
Q

When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreatic islets are stimulated to release insulin, which acts on target cells to uptake glucose from the blood. Thus, the islets serve as the ___ in the feedback loop

a. effectors
b. integrating center
c. sensors
d. all of the choices are correct

A

d. all of the choices are correct

29
Q

A decrease in mean arterial pressure is detected by ___

a. an effector
b. an integrating center
c. a sensor
d. a chemical messenger

A

c. a sensor

30
Q

The control of hormone secretion by its own effects is called ___

a. positive feedback
b. negative feedback
c. negative feedback inhibition
d. antagonist effector

A

c. negative feedback inhibition

31
Q

the primary stimulus for insulin secretion is ___

a. increased blood glucose concentrations
b. increased blood calcium concentrations
c. increased body temperature
d. increased exposure to sunlight

A

a. increased blood glucose concentrations

32
Q

contraction of ___ muscle can be consciously controlled

a. cardiac
b. smooth
c. skeletal
d. striated

A

c. skeletal

33
Q

neuroglia are supporting cells present in the ___

a. brain
b. spinal cord
c. effect organs
d. both brain and spinal cord are correct

A

d. both brain and spinal cord are correct

34
Q

which tissue attaches skeletal muscles to bones

a. ligaments
b. cartilages
c. tendons
d. adipocytes

A

c. tendons

35
Q

The hypodermic is primarily composed of __

a. adipose tissue
b. nervous tissue
c. blood vessels
d. hair cells

A

a. adipose tissues

36
Q

adult stem cells may be found in ___

a. hair follicles
b. the brain
c. red bone marrow
d. skeletal muscle
e. all of the choices are correct

A

e. all of the choices are correct

37
Q

which of the following is FALSE regarding the extracellular fluid compartment

a. it is made up of blood plasma and interstitial fluid
b. its volume is regulated by the kidneys
c. it makes up 65% of the total body water
d. it communicates with the intracellular fluid compartment

A

c. it makes up 65% of the total body water

38
Q

how does the skin protect a person from the ultraviolet rays of the sun

a. produces sweat
b. produces vitamin D
c. produces sebum
d. produces melanin

A

d. produces melanin

39
Q

an element with 11 neutrons, 11 protons, and 11 electrons would have a mass number of ___

a. 11
b. 33
c. 22
d. 21

A

c. 22

40
Q 
the \_\_\_ electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom 
a. kernel 
b valance 
c. atomic 
d. anion
A

b. valance

41
Q

isotopes have the same ____ number, but a different ___ number

a. mass, atomic
b. neutron, mass
c. atomic, mass
d. atomic, proton

A

c. atomic, mass

42
Q

when an atom loses one or more electrons, it ___

a. becomes positively charged
b. becomes negatively charged
c. it is called an anion
d. has no change in its charge

A

a. becomes positively charged

43
Q

when an atom gains one or more electrons, it

a. becomes positively charged
b. has no change in its charge
c. is called an anion
d. is called a cation

A

c. is called an anion

44
Q

the type of bond found in sodium chloride is __

a. an ionic bond
b. a polar covalent bond
c. a hydrogen bond
d. a non polar covalent bond

A

a. an ionic bond

45
Q

which of the following would be most easily broken

a. a hydrogen bond
b. a non polar covalent bond
c. an ionic bond
d. a polar covalent bond

A

a. hydrogen bond

46
Q

a solution of a pH above 7 is called

a. acidic
b. neutral
c. basic
d. isotonic

A

c. basic

47
Q

the primary buffer in the blood is the ___ buffer

a. hydronium
b. ammonia
c. phosphate
d. bicarbonate

A

d. bicarbonate

48
Q

a blood pH of 5.3

a. is indicative of acidosis
b. is indicative of alkalosis
c. is in the normal physiological range
d. indicates effective buffering by the bicarbonate/carbonic acid system

A

a. is indicative of acidosis

49
Q 
molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are 
a. ionic 
b, inorganic 
c. organic 
d. carbonic
A

c. organic

50
Q

the addition of water with the proper enzymes to a molecule is called ___

a. dehydration synthesis
b. condensation
c. hydrolysis
d. combustion

A

c. hydrolysis

51
Q

which of the following is NOT a type of lipid

a. prostaglandins
b. triglycerides
c. cholesterol
d. glycogen

A

d. glycogen

52
Q

which of the following is false regarding unsaturated fatty acids

a. they contain one or more double bonds
b. they are found in cooking oil rather than a stick of butter
c. all of their hydrogen ions are occupied in double bonds
d. they can be formed from nuts and other plants

A

c. all of their hydrogen ions are occupied in double bonds

53
Q

which of the following is NOT true pf phospholipids

a. they are glycolipids originally isolated from the prostate gland
b. they are major components of he cell membrane
c. they have a polar head and a non polar tail
d. they are amphipathic molecules

A

a. they are glycolipids originally isolated from the prostate gland

54
Q

which of the following describes a trans-fat

a. has carbon - carbon single bonds
b. has carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogens on opposite sides of the bonds
c. has carbon - carbon double bonds with hydrogens on the same side of the bonds
d. the fatty acids form a bent chain

A

b. has carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogens on opposite sides of the bonds

55
Q

peptide bonds are formed by the process of __

a. ketosis
b. hydrolysis
c. dehydration synthesis
d. aromatization

A

c. hydrolysis synthesis

56
Q

the subunit of protein is the

a. fatty acid
b. nucleic acid
c. amino acid
d. carboxylic acid

A

c. amino acid

57
Q

which of the following is NOT a component of DNA

a. phosphate
b. deoxyribose sugar
c. guanine
d. uracil

A

d. uracil

58
Q

the base that is NOT found in RNA is

a. thymine
b. guanine
c. cytosine
d. uracil

A

a. thymine

59
Q

which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA

a. they have different sugars
b. RNA is a single strand, while DNA is a double strand
d. they both can leave the nucleus to perform their functions

A

d. they both can leave the nucleus to perform their functions

60
Q

the backbone of a DNA molecule is a chain of ___

a. alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
b. alternating phosphate and nitrogen
c. alternating nitrogenous bases
d. alternating deoxyribose and ribose sugars

A

a. alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

physiology (9 decks)

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