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physiology > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

1
Q

The actions of the kidney include regulation of:

a. blood plasma pH
b. blood plasma volume
c. blood plasma electrocyte concentration
d. all of the choices are correct

A

d. all of the choices are correct

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2
Q

What structures carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

a. ureters
b. urethras
c. calyces
d. pyramids

A

a. ureters

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3
Q

The renal pelvis receives urine from the

a. minor calyces
b. ureters
c. renal pyramids
d. major calyces

A

d. major calyces

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4
Q

Incontinence could develop as a result of

a. pressure on the detrusor muscle
b. poor bladder compliance
c. damage to the external urethral sphincter
d. all of the choices are correct

A

d. all of the choices are correct

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5
Q

the process of urination is called

a. deglutition
b. micturition
c. incontinence
d. glomerular filtration

A

b. micturition

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6
Q

The ___ is the functional unit of the kidney

a. calyx
b. nephron
c. neuron
d. medulla

A

b. nephron

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7
Q

The ___ is a capillary network that produces a blood filtrate that enters the urinary tubules

a. vasa recta
b. peritubular capillary
c. glomerulus
d. interloper capillary

A

c. glomerulus

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8
Q

The ___ nephrons play an important role in producing concentrated urine

a. juxtamedullary
b. cortical
c. pelvic
d. calical

A

a. juxtamedullary

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9
Q

The efferent arteriole delivers blood to the

a. peritubular capillaries
b. vasa recta
c. glomerulus
d. juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

a. peritubular capillaries

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10
Q

Which of the following is the correct order of the nephron tubule structures?

a. distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman’s capsule
b. proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman’s capsule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle
c. Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
d. loop of Henle, Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule

A

c. Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubules

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11
Q

Which sphincter is under voluntary control?

a. internal urethral sphincter
b. external urethral sphincter

A

b. external urethral sphincter

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12
Q

The average glomerular filtration rate is equal to

a. 180 L/day
b. 5.5 L/min
c. 100 mmHg/hour
d. 8mg/hour

A

a. 180L/day

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13
Q

Increased sympathetic neuron activity will cause

a. vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
b. increased GFR
c. increased urine production
d. decreased blood volume

A

a. vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles

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14
Q

The return of molecules from the nephron tubules to the blood is called as

a. reabsorption
b. secretion
c. filtiration
d. auto regulation

A

a. reabsorption

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15
Q

The majority of reabsorption occurs in the

a. collecting duct
b. distal convoluted tubule
c. loop of Henle
d. proximal convoluted tubule

A

d. proximal convoluted tubule

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16
Q

Na+ reabsorption is a(n) ___ process, while Cl- reabsorption is a(n) ___ process

a. active, active
b. active, passive
c. passive, passive
d. passive, active

A

b. active, passive

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17
Q

What creates a Na+ concentration gradient in the proximal tubule?

a. Na+/K+ pump
b. diffusion of Na+
c. osmosis of water
d. diffusion of Cl-

A

a. Na+/K+ pump

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18
Q

The ___ limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water

a. ascending
b. descending
c. both limbs
d. neither

A

a. ascending

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19
Q

The ___ limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to salt

a. ascending
b. descending
c. both limbs
d. neither

A

b. descending

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20
Q

The ___ acts as a countercurrent exchanger

a. juxtaglomerular apparatus
b. peritubular capillaries
c. vasa recta
d. macula densa

A

c. vasa recta

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21
Q

The concentration of renal filtrate is highest in the

a. proximal convoluted tubule
b. base of the Loop of Henle
c. distal convoluted tubule
d. cortical portion of the collecting duct

A

b. base of the Loop of Henle

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22
Q

Tubular ultra filtrate enters the collecting duct from the

a. glomerulus
b. loop of Henle
c. distal convoluted tubule
d. proximal convoluted tubule

A

c. distal convoluted tubule

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23
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

a. stimulates water reabsorption by the kidney
b. induces fusion of aquaporin containing vesicles with the plasma membrane
c. is secreted in response to dehydration
d. all of the choices are correct

A

d. all of the choices are correct

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24
Q

The ability of the kidneys to remove molecules from the blood plasma by excreting them in the urine is known as

a. glomerular filtration
b. renal clearance
c. micturition
d. reabsorption

A

b. renal clearance

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25
Q

The movement of molecules and ions from the peritubular capillaries into interstitial fluid and then into the nephron tubule is called

a. secretion
b. reabsorption
c. excretion
d. filtiration

A

a. secretion

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26
Q

Wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called

a. peristalsis
b. segmentation
c. regulation
d. mastication

A

a. peristalsis

27
Q

Functions of the digestive system include all of the following EXCEPT

a. deglutition
b. hormone secretion
c. absorption
d. hormone degradation

A

d. hormone degradation

28
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the gastrointestinal tract?

a. pharynx
b. liver
c. small intestine
d. esophagus

A

b. liver

29
Q

Which of the following motility processes is NOT correctly matched to its description

a. peristalsis- rhythmic, wave-like contractions
b. mastification- remora of wastes
c. ingestion- taking food into the mouth
d. degultition- swallowing

A

b. mastification- removal of wastes

30
Q

The transport of digested food into the blood or lymph is

a. ingestion
b. deglutition
c. absorption
d. segmentation

A

c. absorption

31
Q

What substance is necessary for the hydrolysis of complex food molecules?

a. specific enzyme
b. acid
c. water
d. both a specific enzyme and water are correct

A

d. both a specific enzyme and water are correct

32
Q

Place the tunics of the GI tract wall in the correct order from superficial to deep

a. submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis
b. mucosa, muscular, submucosa, serosa
c. serosa, submucosa, mucosa, muscular
d. serosa, musculares, submucosa, mucosa

A

d. serosa, musculares, submucosa, mucosa

33
Q

Damage to which of the following nerves would reduce GI secretions?

a. glossopharyngeal nerve
b. hypoglossal nerve
c. vagus nerve
d. phrenic nerve

A

c. vagus nerve

34
Q

Which of the following is one of the phases of swallowing?

a. pharyngeal
b. peristalsis
c. reflux
d. segmentation

A

a. pharyngeal

35
Q

Chewing of food is

a. deglutition
b. mastication
c. peristalsis
d. segmentation

A

b. mastication

36
Q

What structure keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing?

a. epiglottis
b. laryngopharynx
c. soft palate
d. tongue

A

a. epiglottis

37
Q

The combination of chewed food and saliva is called

a. chyme
b. a bolus
c. pylorus
d. hiatal

A

b. a bolus

38
Q

Why does the upper third of the esophagus have skeletal muscle in its wall?

a. so you do not choke
b. the first phase of swallowing is voluntary
c. so that peristalsis can occur
d. the first phase of swallowing is involuntary

A

b. the first phase of swallowing is voluntary

39
Q

Deglutition is coordinated by the swallowing center in the

a. brain stem
b. cerebrum
c. spinal cord
d. cerebellum

A

a. brain stem

40
Q

Pepsin would not be found in the stomach if the ___ cells were destroyed.

a. goblet
b. parietal
c. D cells
d. chief or zymogenic

A

d. chief or zymogenic

41
Q

Long folds of the stomach’s inner surface are called

a. plicae
b. rugae
c. gastric pits
d. ghrelin

A

b. rugae

42
Q

The stomach churns food into a pasty material is called

a. a bolus
b. chyme
c. chyle
d. saliva

A

b. chyme

43
Q

___ is required for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.

a. Vitamin D
b. Calcium
c. Intrinsic factor
d. Vitamin C

A

c. Intrinsic factor

44
Q

Acidic chyme is buffered by ___ secreted from the pancreas

a. mucus
b. bicarbonate
c. ammonia
d. urea

A

b. bicarbonate

45
Q

____ is a disorder in which acidic gastric juice travels up the esophagus

a. Gastroenteritis
b. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Gastritis

A

b. Gastroesophageal reflux disease

46
Q

Pepsin would have the greatest activity

a. immediately upon secretion into the stomach
b. immediately upon entering the duodenum
c. when the pH of the chyme is greater than 3
d. when the pH of the chyme is less than 3

A

d. when the pH of the chyme is less than 3

47
Q

What commonly ingested substances are absorbed through the stomach wall?

a. water and alcohol
b. antacid and water
c. alcohol and aspirin
d. penicillin and aspirin

A

c. alcohol and aspirin

48
Q

Which of the following is NOT a structure of the small intestine that increases its surface area?

a. rugae
b. villi
c. plicae circulars
d. microvilli

A

a. rugae

49
Q

What is the function of enterokinase secreted by the brush border?

a. activates the protein-digesting enzyme trypsin
b. breaks down dipeptides
c. causes the stomach to produce gastrin
d. causes release of pancreatic digestive enzymes

A

a. activates the protein-digesting enzyme trypsin

50
Q

The majority of hydrolysis of disaccharides occurs by the actions of enzymes found

a. in the pancreatic juice
b. in the brush border of the small intestine
c. in saliva
d. in the gastric mucosa

A

b. in the brush border of the small intestine

51
Q

Stress would cause GI motility and secretions to be

a. increased
b. decreased
c. unchanged

A

b. decreased

52
Q

The mixing movement of the small intestine is called

a. deglutition
b. segmentation
c. micturition
d. peristalsis

A

b. segmentation

53
Q

Which of the following is NOT a section of the small intestine?

a. ileum
b. cecum
c. jejunum
d. duodenum

A

b. cecum

54
Q

The primary function of the large intestine is

a. water and electrolyte reabsorption
b. mineral absorption
c. hormone degradation
d. degrading toxins

A

a. water and electrolyte reabsorption

55
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of intestinal microbiota?

a. production of B vitamins
b. ferment indigestible contents of the chyme
c. production of vitamin K
d. hydrolyze proteins

A

d. hydrolyze proteins

56
Q

Movement of water out of the large intestine is by

a. active transport
b. cotransport
c. osmosis
d. all of the choices are correct

A

c. osmosis

57
Q

The process of waste removal is called

a. defecation
b. mastication
c. deglutition
d. segmentation

A

a. defecation

58
Q 
Bile is produced bu 
a. Kupffer cells 
b. gall bladder cells
c. hepatocytes 
d sinusoids
A

c. hepatocytes

59
Q

Which of the following is NOT a major constituent of bile?

a. cholesterol
b. birrubin
c. urea
d. lethecin

A

c. urea

60
Q

Which of the following processes is NOT a liver function?

a. lipogenesis
b. gluconeogenesis
c. hydrolysis of sucrose
d. glycogenolysis

A

c. hydrolysis of sucrose

61
Q

Amino acids and peptides in the stomach lumen stimulate acid secretion during the ___ phase of gastric secretion

a. gastric
b. cephalic
c. hepatic
d. intestinal

A

a. gastric

62
Q

During the intestinal phase regulating gastric function

a. the vagus nerve stimulates gastrin secretion
b. stomach distension stimulates acid secretion
c. gastric gland secretions are inhibited
d. gastric emptying is inhibited

A

c. gastric gland secretions are inhibited

63
Q

The arrival of chyme into the duodenum begins the ____ phase of stomach function

a. cephalic
b. gastric
c. intestinal
d. hepatic

A

c. intestinal

physiology (9 decks)

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